Influence of the Electric Charge of Spin Probes on Their Diffusion in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids.

The rotational and translational diffusion of negatively charged and uncharged spin probes in five imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, emimBF, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, bmimBF, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, omimBF, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, omimPF, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, omimCl, has been studied by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Detailed analyses of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters and spin exchange interactions have been carried out. The temperature dependences of the line broadening induced by the electronic dipole-dipole interaction and the electron spin exchange coupling are determined.

[Surgical revascularization of the brain in patients with acute ischaemic stroke].

Aim: The study was aimed at developing a surgical policy for patients presenting with acute ischaemic stroke induced by lesions of the intra- and extracranial arteries.

Patients And Methods: The patients were enrolled into the study resulting from the current practice of the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V.

Synthesis, structure, antioxidant activity, and water solubility of trolox ion conjugates.

The interaction of trolox with ammonia, alkylamines of different classes, and amino derivatives of heterocyclic compounds, including nitroxyl radicals and alkaloids, led to the production of ammonium salts called ion conjugates (ICs). Five ICs were characterised by X-ray diffraction. This is the first time a wide range of ICs were made from trolox with amines, and ESI-MS data demonstrated they have the potential to generate pseudomolecular [(AB) + H] ions.

[Immunohistochemical characteristics of the substantia nigra neurons of the human].

Aim: To determine the cytochemical characteristics of unchanged neurons of the human substantia nigra using a wide range of immunocytochemical markers some of which (glutamate decarboxylase-65, PGP 9.5, non-phosphorylated neurofilament proteins, alpa-tubulin) have never been used for study of human dopaminergic neurons.

Material And Methods: Fragments of human midbrain (17 men and women, aged from 28 to 78 years) from the archives of the Department of General and Specific Morphology of the Institute of Experimental Medicine were used.

Antioxidant and antitumor activity of trolox, trolox succinate, and α-tocopheryl succinate conjugates with nitroxides.

A possible ability of twelve new derivatives of known antioxidants trolox (TroH), trolox succinate (TroS), α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) containing nitroxyl radicals (1-12) to protect bacterial cells from spontaneous and peroxide-induced mutagenesis and their cytotoxicity against six different tumor cells as well as two normal cells were investigated and compared with that for TroH, TroS, α-TOH, and α-TOS for the first time. In contrast to TroH and TroS, all nitroxide derivatives 1-12 demonstrated not only antioxidant properties, but also suppress the growth of human tumor cells: myeloma, mammary adenocarcinoma, hepatocarcinoma, T cells leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, and T-cellular leucosis. The IC50 values (24 - ≥ 300 μM) depend significantly on the compounds and type of tumor cells.

Chiral all-organic nitroxide biradical liquid crystals showing remarkably large positive magneto-LC effects.

The liquid crystalline chiral nitroxide biradical (S,S,S,S)-3 synthesized has shown much larger 'positive magneto-LC effects' in the chiral nematic (N*) phase than the monoradical (S,S)-1.

Effect of Sterical Shielding on the Redox Properties of Imidazoline and Imidazolidine Nitroxides.

The oxidant properties of the series of 2,2,5,5-tetraalkyl imidazoline and imidazolidine nitroxides were investigated. An increase in the number of bulky alkyl substituents leads to a decrease in the rate of reduction with ascorbate, which makes the electrochemical reduction potential more negative and shifts the equilibrium in the mixture of nitroxide and reference hydroxylamine (3-carboxy-1-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl-1-(15)N) toward the starting compounds. The effect of structural factors on these reactions was analyzed by means of multiple regression using the Fujita steric constant Es and the inductive Hammett constant σI.

[Neuroglobin distribution in the human cerebellar cortex (an immunohistochemical study)].

Neuroglobin is a recently discovered heme-containing protein located predominantly in the mammalian brain. This paper for the first time presents the data on neuroglobin distribution in human cerbellum using immunohistochemistry. Neuroglobin immunoreactivity in the cerebellum was found in all the cases studied (n = 7), although its intensity varied.

[EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF LOCAL HEMOSTATIC MATERIALS BASED ON OXIDIZE CELLULOSE IN THE EXPERIMENT].

The bleeding of intraoperative period is one of the actual problem in surgery. There aren't any universal hemostatic means in spite of large variety of modern hemostatic methods. An experimental research studied the results of hemostatic activity of different forms of materials on the basis of oxidize cellulose (a gauze, a powder) as compared with their foreign analog (a hemostatic gauze "SurgiceI").

Conjugates of natural compounds with nitroxyl radicals as a basis for creation of pharmacological agents of new generation.

Synthesis and research of pharmacological properties of polyfunctional "hybrid" compounds containing fragments of nitroxyl radicals (NR) in a molecule (spin-labeled conjugates) is a rapidly developing area of medicinal chemistry. Many examples of various classes of natural compounds have shown that the introduction of nitroxyl fragment into a molecule leads to either strengthening of biological activity or its modification, decrease of general toxicity, or increase of selective cytotoxicity. The review of the published data on spin-labeled biologically active natural compounds has revealed that various classes of natural compounds, such as anthracycline antibiotics, lignans, triterpene acids, chromanes, flavonoids, stilbenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, etc.

[Change settings for visual analyzer of child users of mobile communication: longitudinal study].

The paper represents theresults of longitudinal monitoring of the changes in the parameters of simple visual-motor reaction, the visual acuity and the rate of the visual discrimination in the child users of mobile communication, which indicate the multivariability of the possible effects of radiation from mobile phones on the auditory system of children.

In vivo proton-electron double-resonance imaging of extracellular tumor pH using an advanced nitroxide probe.

A variable radio frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging (VRF PEDRI) approach for pH mapping of aqueous samples has been recently developed (Efimova et al. J. Magn.

[Assessment of risk of contamination of drinking water for the health of children in Tula region].

The hygienic analysis of centralized drinking water supply in Tula region has been performed Thepriority contaminants of drinking water have been detected On the basis of risk assessment methodology non-carcinogenic health risks to the child population was calculated. A direct relationship between the incidence of some diseases in childhood population and pollution by chemical contaminants of drinking water has been established.

[Hepatoprotective activity of betulonic acid amides containing a piperidine or pyrrolidine nitroxide moiety].

Betulonic acid amides containing a nitroxyl radical moiety possess antiholestatic effects in mice. Introduction ofpiperidine nitroxide moiety into lupan core increases its hepatoprotective activity. Oral administration of piperidine nitroxide derivative in dose 50 mg/kg doesn't stimulate transplanted tumor growth and raises a lifespan of mice.

[Synthetic transformations of higher terpenoids. XXX. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of betulonic acid amides with a piperidine or pyrrolidine nitroxide moiety].

The reaction of betulonic acid chloride with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpeperidine-1-oxyl, 3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl and 3-aminomethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl gave corresponding triterpenoid amides. It was found that new derivatives exhibit cytotoxic activity against tumor cells CEM-13, U-937, MT-4. CCID50 value for most activity compound--N-[3-oxolup-20(29)-en-30-yl]-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-1-oxyl--was 5.

[Advantages and disadvantages of zink-ethanol-formaldehyde as a fixative for immunocytochemistry and confocal laser microscopy].

The paper presents an analysis of authors' results obtained using fixation of various tissues in zink-ethanol-formaldehyde (ZEF). It was found that fixation in ZEF, in comparison with other methods of fixation, allowed to achieve higher sensitivity of immunocytochemical reaction for a large number of antigens studied and, in many cases, to avoid heat unmasking of antigens. It also provided high resolution of the images obtained using the fluorescent and confocal laser microscopy.

[Distribution of alpha-tubulin in the structures of rat forebrain].

The distribution of alpha-tubulin, the major protein of the microtubules, was studied using immunohistochemistry in the rat forebrain structures. The differential distribution of alpha-tubulin immunoreactivity was detected: high immunoreactivity was found in cingulate and pyriform cortex, olfactory tubercles and optic chiasm, while the weakest immunohistochemical staining was observed in caudatoputamen, superficial layers of septum, cingulum and areas around the third cerebral ventricle. Immunoreactivity in the nervous cells was distributed along perikaryon periphery and in the apical dendrite.

Does scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuate cancer prosurvival signaling pathways?

It has been previously suggested that overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) attenuates cancer development; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we have studied the direct effect of the mitochondria-targeted superoxide scavenger, (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (mitoTEMPO), on B16-F0 mouse melanoma cells and tumor growth in a nude mouse model of human melanoma. We show that scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide inhibited cell growth, reduced viability, and induced apoptosis in melanoma cells, but did not affect nonmalignant skin fibroblasts.