A Comparative Study of the Chemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Four Different Ozonated Oils for Veterinary Purposes.

Infectious skin diseases are quite common in veterinary medicine. These diseases can be caused by both bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial drugs are usually used for treatment.

Formulation of Ocular In Situ Gels with Lithuanian Royal Jelly and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro.

Royal jelly is a natural substance produced by worker bees that possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and protective. Although fresh royal jelly is kept at low temperatures, to increase its stability, it needs to be incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations, such as in situ gels. The aim of this study was to formulate in situ ocular gels containing Lithuanian royal jelly for topical corneal use in order to increase the retention time of the formulation on the ocular surface and bioavailability.

Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals Extend ICU Capacity for COVID-19 Response and Recovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented novel challenges for the entire health-care continuum, requiring transformative changes to hospital and post-acute care, including clinical, administrative, and physical modifications to current standards of operations. Innovative use and adaptation of long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) can safely and effectively care for patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A framework for the rapid changes, including increasing collaboration with external health-care organizations, creating new methods for enhanced communication, and modifying processes focused on patient safety and clinical outcomes, is described for a network of 94 LTACHs.

Topical antifungal bigels: Formulation, characterization and evaluation.

Bigels with antifungal substances, ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine hydrochloride, were made of hydrogel (poloxamer 407 gel) and oleogel (polyethylene and liquid paraffin mixture). Prepared bigels were found physically stable at room temperature for six months and at least four months at 40 °C. Released amount of drug decreased when oleogel concentration in the formulation increased.

MODELLING AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF CICLOPIROX OLAMINE GELS.

The ciclopirox olamine (CPO) has a broad antimicrobial profile including dermatophytes, yeasts and is used in various pharmaceutical forms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of the CPO gels according to biopharmaceutial tests in vitro and antifungal activity assay. Hydroxypropyl cellulose, chitosan and poloxamer 407 were selected as agents gelificants.

Therapeutic activity of chlorhexidine-poloxamer antiseptic gel on wound healing in rats: a preclinical study.

Despite the progress in curative and preventive medicine, skin lesions after injuries or surgical interventions are still a big problem. The aim of wound care is to get damaged tissues to heal as soon as possible. A gel-forming material helps to maintain proper humidity in the wound and promotes the healing process.

Optimizing laboratory test utilization in long-term acute care hospitals.

Laboratory tests can be considered inappropriate if overused or when repeated, unnecessary "routine" testing occurs. For chronically critically ill patients treated in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs), inappropriate testing may result in unnecessary blood draws that could potentially harm patients or increase infections. A quality improvement initiative was designed to increase physician awareness of their patterns of lab utilization in the LTACH environment.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHLORHEXIDINE GEL.

Many researchers have advocated in recent times that antiseptic use in healing wounds should be discouraged. Antiseptics have been found to retard healing of wounds. Poloxamer 407 shows thermoreversible properties, which are of the utmost interest in optimizing drug formulation (fluid state at room temperature facilitating administration and gel state above sol-gel transition temperature, at body temperature, promoting prolonged release of pharmacological agents).

Efficacy of Topical Therapy with Newly Developed Terbinafine and Econazole Formulations in the Treatment of Dermatophytosis in Cats.

In the field of veterinary dermatology dermatophytosis is one of the most frequently occurring infectious diseases, therefore its treatment should be effective, convenient, safe and inexpensive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed topical formulations in the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis. Evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of terbinafine and econazole formulations administered topically twice a day was performed in 40 cats.

Use of a Central Catheter Maintenance Bundle in Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals.

Objective: Evidence-based guidelines have resulted in decreases in bloodstream infections associated with central catheters (CLABSIs) in hospital intensive care units. However, relatively little is known about CLABSI incidence and prevention in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs).

Methods: A central catheter maintenance bundle was implemented in 30 LTACHs, and compliance with the bundle was tracked for 6 months.

Detection and molecular characterization of canine babesiosis causative agent Babesia canis in the naturally infected dog in Lithuania.

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis is an emerging infectious disease in Europe. Although previously uncommon, canine babesiosis has become quite frequent in Lithuania during the past decade. In the last few years an increasing number of cases with a wide variety of clinical signs have been recorded throughout the country.

Long-term acute care hospitals have low impact on medicare readmissions to short-term acute care hospitals.

The relative contribution of long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) to short-term acute care hospital (STACH) Medicare patient readmissions is important because of the high acuity of LTACH patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the magnitude of LTACH Medicare heart failure (HF) and pneumonia (PN) inpatient readmissions to STACHs within 30 days of LTACH admission and the relative contribution of LTACH patient readmissions to each STACH's total readmissions. Seventy-five for-profit LTACHs and their associated host or primary referral STACHs were studied.

[Antimicrobial action of ammonium salts of fused heterocycles containing ortho-nitrogen].

By alkylation of hexamethylenetetramine with halogenated derivatives of ketones, ethers, esters or amides of acids, alkyl- and aralkyl halides the corresponding N-monoalkylated compounds of hexamethylenetetramine were obtained. The quaternization of pyridine nitrogen in 5,6-benzoquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, quinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline molecules with alkyl- or aralkylhalides was carried out. The susceptibility of Gram-positive (Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (E.

The development of an outcomes management system for acute medical rehabilitation.

In 1993, Continental Medical Systems, Inc. (CMS), a provider of comprehensive medical rehabilitation, developed the Total Outcomes and Prediction Program (TOPP) to measure and evaluate key medical rehabilitation outcomes, quality indicators, and patient satisfaction at its 37 acute rehabilitation hospitals. The broad purposes of TOPP are to manage patient treatment, improve the cost-effectiveness of care, and provide outcomes reporting for managed care and other interested parties.

The effects of epileptic cortical activity on the development of callosal projections.

The effect of epileptic neural activity on the postnatal development of the corpus callosum was studied. Epileptiform activity was induced in the visual cortex of postnatal rabbits by continuous infusion of penicillin. Callosal projections of the occipital cortex were studied in rabbits aged at least 4 weeks.

Visual callosal projections in the adult ferret.

The laminar and tangential organization of visual callosal projections of areas 17 and 18 were investigated in the adult ferret, using histochemical methods to visualize axonally transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Normal adult ferrets were given injections of HRP throughout one visual cortex or had gelfoam soaked in HRP applied to the transected corpus callosum. The ferret callosal cell distribution has a greater tangential extent in area 18 than in area 17.

The effects of monocular enucleation on visual topography in area 17 in the rabbit.

The effects of neonatal monocular enucleation on the topographic representation of the ipsilateral visual field in the visual cortex of the rabbit were investigated, using electrophysiological recordings of multi-unit activity in area 17. Topography of receptive fields was determined in normal adult rabbits, adult rabbits monocularly enucleated on the day of birth and adult rabbits monocularly enucleated as adults. In normal rabbits and in adult enucleates, the projection from the ipsilateral eye is represented by a strip of cortex extending approximately 2 mm from the 17/18 border.

Transcallosally evoked responses in the visual cortex of normal and monocularly enucleated rabbits.

In visual cortex of normal adult rabbits, callosal projections are restricted to a 2 mm wide band at the area 17/18 border. In adult rabbits which are monocularly enucleated (ME) on the day of birth, the callosal zone extends 4 mm into the medial region of area 17 in the cortex ipsilateral to the remaining eye. In this study, the function of these anomalous callosal projections in ME rabbits was investigated using electrophysiological techniques.

Organization of callosal connections in the visual cortex of the rabbit following neonatal enucleation, dark rearing, and strobe rearing.

The organization of visual callosal projections was studied in (1) normal adult rabbits; (2) adult rabbits which had undergone monocular enucleation (ME) or binocular enucleation (BE) at birth; and (3) adult rabbits which had been deprived of normal visual experience during development by dark rearing (DR) or strobe rearing (SR). Previously published observations (Murphy and Grigonis, Behav Brain Res 30:151, 1988) on callosal organization in adult rabbits in which retinal ganglion cell activity was eliminated during development by intraocular tetrodotoxin (TTX) injections, are also summarized for comparison with these data. The tangential extent of the callosal cell zone was significantly larger than normal in DR, TTX, and ME rabbits, was unchanged in BE rabbits, and was significantly reduced in SR rabbits.

Postnatal development of the visual corpus callosum: the influence of activity of the retinofugal projections.

Visual callosal projections were studied in normal adult rabbits, and in adult rabbits in which normal development was manipulated by monocular enucleation on the first or seventh postnatal day, or by abolition of retinal physiological activity by repeated application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) beginning on postnatal day 7. Animals given control vehicle injections, and animals enucleated on postnatal day 7 did not differ from normal in the tangential extent of their callosal zone which is limited to the lateral one-third of area 17. In contrast, animals enucleated on the day of birth and animals given TTX vitreous injections beginning on postnatal day 6-7 are similar in that the tangential extent of their callosal cell zone extends approximately through the lateral two-thirds of area 17.

The development of orientation and direction selectivity in the rabbit visual cortex.

The postnatal development of orientation and direction selectivity of single cells was examined in the primary visual cortex of rabbits. The percentage of cells which were orientation-selective reached adult levels by day 30, whereas the proportion of cells which were direction-selective did not reach adult levels until day 60. Differences in the time course of development of orientation and direction selectivity, together with data previously reported on differences in the effects of deprivation on orientation and direction selectivity, suggest that (1) different mechanisms underly the organization of orientation and direction selectivity and (2) the critical periods for the effects of deprivation on orientation and direction selectivity reflect the different time course of the normal development of these two response properties.

The effects of ablation of visual cortex in neonatal rabbits on the organization of retinothalamic and retinopretectal projections.

Primary visual cortex was ablated unilaterally in neonatal rabbits. Following a survival of 2-4 months, retrograde degeneration of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) was assessed, and reorganization of retinofugal pathways was studied using methods of anretrograde transport of [3H]proline or of horseradish peroxidase. A complete lesion of primary visual cortex resulted in complete retrograde degeneration of the LGd with no sparing of any class of neurons.

The effects of neonatal monocular enucleation on the organization of ipsilateral and contralateral retinothalamic projections in the rabbit.

Autoradiographic methods were used to compare the ipsilateral and contralateral retinothalamic projections in pigmented Dutch-Belted rabbits that had neonatal monocular enucleation with the projections found in normally reared rabbits. In the normal adult rabbit, there is dense label throughout the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) except for a decreased label density in the region corresponding to the ipsilateral input. Following neonatal monocular enucleation, the contralateral projection fills in the part of the LGd corresponding to the ipsilateral input.

The pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali of Rana pipiens.

The pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM) of Rana pipiens was investigated with autoradiographic, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and Golgi techniques. Retinal afferents to nLM originate primarily from the central retina. The primary projection is contralateral with a small ipsilateral component.