Upper airway obstructive events on noninvasive ventilation in NMD adolescents.

Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is expanding worldwide for pediatrics and is mainly indicated to treat nocturnal alveolar hypoventilation. Nasal mask is the most common interface used in children, but oronasal mask may be indicated in case of excessive mouth leaks or facial weakness. Obstructive events caused by the oronasal mask have been reported in a few studies on adult patients, but never in pediatrics.

Role of polysomnography in the management of obstructive sleep apnea during the first year of life in robin sequence: A prospective and longitudinal study.

Objectives: To prospectively assess, using polysomnography (PSG), the evolution in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants with Robin Sequence (RS) during their first year of life and to evaluate the role of PSG in OSA treatment.

Methods: Prospective and longitudinal study conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals (2018-2021). Data from 2 PSG (PSG1 0-3 months of life, PSG2 6-10 months of life) performed in RS infants in different sleep positions/conditions (without treatment: supine [SP]; with treatment: lateral [LP], prone [PP], respiratory support) were analyzed.

The Optiflow™ interface for chronic CPAP in infants.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly used in infants. However, the limited number of commercially masks available for infants is challenging. The use of the Optiflow™ nasal cannula (Fisher & Paykel) with a regular CPAP device has been recently reported for chronic CPAP in children, with an objective improvement in polysomnographic events.

Why NIV setting definitions may be tricky: Trigger sensitivity.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is widely used in children. The spontaneous/timed (S/T) mode is the most common used mode for home NIV. Different devices are available, and the manufacturers are free to name the modes and define the settings, with no regulation.

Lung volume recruitment and airway clearance for children at home in France.

Background: Airway clearance (ACT) and lung volume recruitment (LVR) techniques are used to manage bronchial secretions, increase cough efficiency and lung/chest wall recruitment, to prevent and treat respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to review the prescription of ACT/LVR techniques for home use in children in France.

Methods: All the centers of the national pediatric noninvasive ventilation (NIV) network were invited to fill in an anonymous questionnaire for every child aged ≤20 years who started a treatment with an ACT/LVR device between 2022 and 2023.

Management of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with syndromic hemifacial macrosomia.

Purpose: Patients with syndromic hemifacial microsomia (SHFM) are at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of OSA and its management, especially in patients with Goldenhar syndrome (GS).

Methods: The respiratory polygraphies and clinical management of 15 patients, aged 2 to 23 years, evaluated at a national reference center, were analyzed.

Polysomnography findings and respiratory muscle function in infants with early onset spinal muscular atrophy after gene replacement as monotherapy: A prospective study.

Background: Gene replacement therapy (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is associated with an improvement of the prognosis of children with spinal muscular atrophy, but information on long-term respiratory outcome is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the polysomnography findings and respiratory muscle function of infants with treatment-naive spinal muscular atrophy type 1 and 2 up to 24 months after onasemnogene abeparvovec monotherapy.

Methods: A clinical and motor evaluation, respiratory muscle function testing, and polysomnography were performed repeatedly.

Pediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support in children with central nervous system disorders.

Rationale: The use of long-term noninvasive respiratory support is increasing in children along with an extension of indications, in particular in children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of children with CNS disorders treated with long-term noninvasive respiratory support in France.

Methods: Data were collected from 27 French pediatric university centers through an anonymous questionnaire filled for every child treated with noninvasive ventilatory support ≥3 months on 1st June 2019.

Early formative objective structured clinical examinations for students in the pre-clinical years of medical education: A non-randomized controlled prospective pilot study.

Background: The value of formative objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) during the pre-clinical years of medical education remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a formative OSCE program for medical students in their pre-clinical years on subsequent performance in summative OSCE.

Methods: We conducted a non-randomized controlled prospective pilot study that included all medical students from the last year of the pre-clinical cycle of the Université Paris-Cité Medical School, France, in 2021.

Altered reinforcement learning in Narcolepsy type I and other central disorders of hypersomnolence.

Cognitive impairments are described in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH), but studies remain very limited and largely focused on narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). The precise nature and origin of these cognitive impairments is poorly understood. Specifically, impaired decision making under ambiguity has been reported in NT1 and suggested to be caused by dysregulation of the direct projections of hypocretin neurons to the dopamine network.

Developmental outcome of children with Robin sequence treated with the current Paris protocol.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the developmental outcome of children with Robin sequence (RS) for whom continuous positive airway pressure was the main strategy to release upper airway obstruction.

Methods: We included children with isolated RS or RS associated with Stickler syndrome who were aged 15 months to 6 years. We used the French version of the Child Development Inventory and calculated the developmental quotient (DQ) for eight different domains and the global DQ (DQ-global).

Effect of long term noninvasive ventilation in children on parent's quality of life.

Objective: Improving or maintaining the quality of life of the family of children treated with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a major concern; but studies are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of long term CPAP or NIV in children on anxiety, depression, quality of sleep, and quality of life of their parents.

Methods: Validated questionnaires evaluating anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and parents' quality of life (PedsQL family impact module) were completed by parents of children who were started on CPAP/NIV before (M0) and after 6-9 months (M6) of treatment.

Respiratory effort during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure in severe acute viral bronchiolitis.

Objectives: To assess if noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is associated with a greater reduction in respiratory effort as compared to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during severe acute bronchiolitis, with both supports set either clinically or physiologically.

Methods: Twenty infants (median [IQR] age 1.2 [0.

Craniofacial growth and function in achondroplasia: a multimodal 3D study on 15 patients.

Background: Achondroplasia is the most frequent FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia, leading to rhizomelic dwarfism, craniofacial anomalies, stenosis of the foramen magnum, and sleep apnea. Craniofacial growth and its correlation with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has not been assessed in achondroplasia. In this study, we provide a multimodal analysis of craniofacial growth and anatomo-functional correlations between craniofacial features and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Long term noninvasive ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure in children with neuromuscular diseases in France.

The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of children with neuromuscular diseases treated with long term noninvasive ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure in France. On June 1st 2019, 387 patients (63% boys, mean age 11.2 ± 5.

[Sommeil en temps de pandémie : enseignements pour la prise en charge de l'insomnie].

"Sleep in times Of pandemic: lessons for the Management of insomnia. Sleep is both a determinant of health and a valuable Indicator of psychological impact in both personal and Global crisis situations. Results from the coconel (coronavirus.

Order matters: sleep spindles contribute to memory consolidation only when followed by rapid-eye-movement sleep.

Sleep is known to benefit memory consolidation, but little is known about the contribution of sleep stages within the sleep cycle. The sequential hypothesis proposes that memories are first replayed during nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM or N) sleep and then integrated into existing networks during rapid-eye-movement (REM or R) sleep, two successive critical steps for memory consolidation. However, it lacks experimental evidence as N always precedes R sleep in physiological conditions.