Factors Associated With Success of Clinician-Researchers Receiving Career Development Awards From the National Institutes of Health: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Purpose: Understanding the careers of recent career development awardees is essential to guide interventions to ensure gender equity and success in academic medicine.

Method: In 2010-2011 (T1) and 2014 (T2), 1,719 clinician-researchers who received new K08 and K23 awards in 2006-2009 were longitudinally surveyed. Multivariable analyses evaluated the influence of factors on success, including demographics, job characteristics, work environment, priorities, and domestic responsibilities.

Perspectives of Patients With Cancer on the Ethics of Rapid-Learning Health Systems.

Purpose To inform the evolving implementation of CancerLinQ and other rapid-learning systems for oncology care, we sought to evaluate perspectives of patients with cancer regarding ethical issues. Methods Using the GfK Group online research panel, representative of the US population, we surveyed 875 patients with cancer; 621 (71%) responded. We evaluated perceptions of appropriateness (scored from 1 to 10; 10, very appropriate) using scenarios and compared responses by age, race, and education.

Intraosseous Pressure Monitoring in Healthy Volunteers.

Study Objective: Invasively monitoring blood pressure through the IO device has not been thoroughly demonstrated. This study attempted to establish baseline values of IO pressure in a healthy human population.

Methods: This was a prospective, healthy volunteer, observational study.

Reduction of Rapid Eating in an Adolescent Female with Autism.

Rapid eating, a potentially dangerous and socially inappropriate behavior, has received relatively little attention in the literature. This study sought to extend the research in this area by further evaluating the effectiveness of a vibrating pager combined with a rule for increasing inter-response time between bites in one adolescent female diagnosed with autism. Results indicated that inter-response time increased from baseline only after a vocal prompt to "wait" was introduced across clinic and home settings.

Accounting for overdispersion when determining primary care outliers for the identification of chronic kidney disease: learning from the National Chronic Kidney Disease Audit.

Background: Early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) facilitates best management in primary care. Testing coverage of those at risk and translation into subsequent diagnostic coding will impact on observed CKD prevalence. Using initial data from 915 general practitioner (GP) practices taking part in a UK national audit, we seek to apply appropriate methods to identify outlying practices in terms of CKD stages 3-5 prevalence and diagnostic coding.

Structural Stability from Crystallographic Shear in TiO-NbO Phases: Cation Ordering and Lithiation Behavior of TiNbO.

The host structure and reversible lithium insertion and extraction of an intercalation compound, TiNbO, are described. Neutron diffraction, applied for the first time to TiNbO, allowed an accurate refinement of the complex block superstructure, particularly with respect to the oxygen sublattice. Analysis of the transition-metal sites revealed significant cation ordering in the mixed-metal oxide.

Differences in Mentor-Mentee Sponsorship in Male vs Female Recipients of National Institutes of Health Grants.

This study uses data from a survey of NIH Mentored Career Development grant awardees to determine if sponsorship critical for career advancement of young professionals differs among men and women.

Statistical controversies in clinical research: building the bridge to phase II-efficacy estimation in dose-expansion cohorts.

Background: Regulatory agencies and others have expressed concern about the uncritical use of dose expansion cohorts (DECs) in phase I oncology trials. Nonetheless, by several metrics-prevalence, size, and number-their popularity is increasing. Although early efficacy estimation in defined populations is a common primary endpoint of DECs, the types of designs best equipped to identify efficacy signals have not been established.

Development of a model web-based system to support a statewide quality consortium in radiation oncology.

Purpose: A database in which patient data are compiled allows analytic opportunities for continuous improvements in treatment quality and comparative effectiveness research. We describe the development of a novel, web-based system that supports the collection of complex radiation treatment planning information from centers that use diverse techniques, software, and hardware for radiation oncology care in a statewide quality collaborative, the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium (MROQC).

Methods And Materials: The MROQC database seeks to enable assessment of physician- and patient-reported outcomes and quality improvement as a function of treatment planning and delivery techniques for breast and lung cancer patients.

Structural Evolution and Atom Clustering in β-SiAlON: β-SiAlON.

SiAlON ceramics, solid solutions based on the SiN structure, are important, lightweight structural materials with intrinsically high strength, high hardness, and high thermal and chemical stability. Described by the chemical formula β-SiAlON, from a compositional viewpoint, these materials can be regarded as solid solutions between SiN and AlON. A key aspect of the structural evolution with increasing Al and O (z in the formula) is to understand how these elements are distributed on the β-SiN framework.

Successful Treatment of Human Plague with Oral Ciprofloxacin.

The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved ciprofloxacin for treatment of plague (Yersina pestis infection) based on animal studies. Published evidence of efficacy in humans is sparse. We report 5 cases of culture-confirmed human plague treated successfully with oral ciprofloxacin, including 1 case of pneumonic plague.

Inducible defenses in Olympia oysters in response to an invasive predator.

The prey naiveté hypothesis suggests that native prey may be vulnerable to introduced predators because they have not evolved appropriate defenses. However, recent evidence suggests that native prey sometimes exhibit induced defenses to introduced predators, as a result of rapid evolution or other processes. We examined whether Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) display inducible defenses in the presence of an invasive predator, the Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), and whether these responses vary among oyster populations from estuaries with and without this predator.

Enhanced efficiency of solid-state NMR investigations of energy materials using an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot.

We have developed and explored an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot that can be attached to commercial and/or home-built magic angle spinning (MAS) or static nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probeheads. Complete synchronization and automation with Bruker and Tecmag spectrometers is ensured via transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) signals. The eATM robot enables an automated "on-the-fly" re-calibration of the radio frequency (rf) carrier frequency, which is beneficial whenever tuning/matching of the resonance circuit is required, e.

Recurrence risk perception and quality of life following treatment of breast cancer.

Purpose: Little is known about different ways of assessing risk of distant recurrence following cancer treatment (e.g., numeric or descriptive).

Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Decisions in a Population-Based Sample of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Importance: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) use is increasing among women with unilateral breast cancer, but little is known about treatment decision making or physician interactions in diverse patient populations.

Objective: To evaluate patient motivations, knowledge, and decisions, as well as the impact of surgeon recommendations, in a large, diverse sample of patients who underwent recent treatment for breast cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A survey was sent to 3631 women with newly diagnosed, unilateral stage 0, I, or II breast cancer between July 2013 and September 2014.

Decreased Lung Perfusion After Breast/Chest Wall Irradiation: Quantitative Results From a Prospective Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To quantify lung perfusion changes after breast/chest wall radiation therapy (RT) using pre- and post-RT single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) attenuation-corrected perfusion scans; and correlate decreased perfusion with adjuvant RT dose for breast cancer in a prospective clinical trial.

Methods And Materials: As part of an institutional review board-approved trial studying the impact of RT technique on lung function in node-positive breast cancer, patients received breast/chest wall and regional nodal irradiation including superior internal mammary node RT to 50 to 52.2 Gy with a boost to the tumor bed/mastectomy scar.

Characterization of a Novel Iron Acquisition Activity That Coordinates the Iron Response with Population Density under Iron-Replete Conditions in Bacillus subtilis.

Unlabelled: Iron is an essential micronutrient required for the viability of many organisms. Under oxidizing conditions, ferric iron is highly insoluble (∼10 to 10 M), yet bacteria typically require ∼10 M for survival. To overcome this disparity, many bacteria have adopted the use of extracellular iron-chelating siderophores coupled with specific iron-siderophore uptake systems.

The Enhancing Connections-Telephone study: a pilot feasibility test of a cancer parenting program.

Purpose: The purposes of the study were to (1) test the short-term impact of a telephone-delivered cancer parenting education program, the Enhancing Connections-Telephone (EC-T) Program, on maternal anxiety, depressed mood, parenting competencies, and child behavioral-emotional adjustment and (2) compare those outcomes with outcomes achieved from an in-person delivery of the same program (EC).

Methods: Thirty-two mothers comprised the sample for the within-group design and 77 mothers for the between-group design. Mothers were eligible if they had one or more dependent children and were recently diagnosed with stages 0-III breast cancer.

Fertility and Childbearing Among American Female Physicians.

Background: Female physicians may experience unique challenges regarding fertility and family planning. We sought to determine childbearing patterns and decision-making among American female physicians.

Materials And Methods: In 2012-2013, we surveyed a random sample of 600 female physicians who graduated medical school between 1995 and 2000.

Development of guidance on the timeliness in response to acute kidney injury warning stage test results for adults in primary care: an appropriateness ratings evaluation.

Objectives: Tackling the harm associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global priority. In England, a national computerised AKI algorithm is being introduced across the National Health Service (NHS) to drive this change. The study sought to maximise its clinical utility and minimise the potential for burden on clinicians and patients in primary care.

Stable isotope analyses of oxygen ( O: O: O) and chlorine ( Cl: Cl) in perchlorate: reference materials, calibrations, methods, and interferences.

Rationale: Perchlorate (ClO ) is a common trace constituent of water, soils, and plants; it has both natural and synthetic sources and is subject to biodegradation. The stable isotope ratios of Cl and O provide three independent quantities for ClO source attribution and natural attenuation studies: δ Cl, δ O, and δ O (or Δ O or Δ) values. Documented reference materials, calibration schemes, methods, and interferences will improve the reliability of such studies.

Racial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Our objective was to describe the racial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity. Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO) were searched for studies examining racial/ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity. Thermal-heat, cold-pressor, pressure, ischemic, mechanical cutaneous, electrical, and chemical experimental pain modalities were assessed.