Spatial and temporal distribution of Ixodes scapularis and tick-borne pathogens across the northeastern United States.

Background: The incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing across the USA, with cases concentrated in the northeastern and midwestern regions of the country. Ixodes scapularis is one of the most important tick-borne disease vectors and has spread throughout the northeastern USA over the past four decades, with established populations in all states of the region.

Methods: To better understand the rapid expansion of I.

Effects of Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae) presence, land use, and ecotone on Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ecology in an emergent area for tick-borne disease.

As the range of Ixodes scapularis Say expands, host abundance and land use can play important roles in regions where ticks and their associated pathogens are emerging. Small mammal hosts serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens, with Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque often considered a primary reservoir. A sympatric species Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner is also a competent reservoir and is notoriously difficult to differentiate from P.

Statewide Passive Surveillance of and Associated Pathogens in Maine.

The blacklegged tick, , is the primary vector of multiple human pathogens, including the causative agents of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Both and its associated pathogens have expanded their geographic range throughout the northeastern Unites States and into northern New England. Through this study, we present an updated distribution of in Maine and report the first statewide passive surveillance infection and coinfection prevalence of , , and within the state's population.