Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers.

Background: Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) might not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within patients with CRS.

Objective: We sought to identify inflammatory endotypes of CRS. Therefore we aimed to cluster patients with CRS based solely on immune markers in a phenotype-free approach.

Dissemination and implementation of the ARIA guidelines for allergic rhinitis in general practice.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent problem in general practice. The first evidence-based guidelines for AR, the ARIA guidelines, were published and have been updated repeatedly since 2001 in order to improve the care of AR patients. Very limited information, however, is available on the impact of these guidelines on everyday clinical practice.