Coronary heart disease after radiotherapy for peptic ulcer disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease after radiotherapy (RT) for peptic ulcer disease.

Methods And Materials: Peptic ulcer disease patients treated with RT (n = 1859) or by other means (n = 1860) at the University of Chicago Medical Center between 1936 and 1965, were followed through 1997. The observed numbers of cause-specific deaths were compared with the expected numbers from the general population rates.

Malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy for peptic ulcer.

Most information on radiation-related cancer risk comes from the Life Span Study (LSS) of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Stomach cancer mortality rates are much higher in Japan than in the U.S.

Spatial relationships in early signaling events of flow-mediated endothelial mechanotransduction.

Blood flow interactions with the vascular endothelium represent a specialized example of mechanical regulation of cell function that has important physiological and pathological cardiovascular consequences. The endothelial monolayer in vivo acts as a signal transduction interface for forces associated with flowing blood (hemodynamic forces) in the acute regulation of artery tone and chronic structural remodeling of arteries, including the pathology of atherosclerosis. Mechanisms related to spatial relationships at the cell surfaces and throughout the cell that influence flow-mediated endothelial mechanotransduction are discussed.

Potential vascular damage from radiation in the space environment.

Cultured endothelial cells of blood vessels have a Do of 2 Gy for X-rays. A dose of 0.5 Gy of X-rays has an acute effect on vessel diameter.

Cancer following radiotherapy for peptic ulcer.

Background: Radiotherapy for peptic ulcer was used between 1937 and 1965 to control excessive gastric acid secretions (mean dose, 14.8 Gy). Patients with this benign condition live many years after treatment and are at risk for late effects.

Quantitative studies of endothelial cell adhesion. Directional remodeling of focal adhesion sites in response to flow forces.

Focal adhesion sites were observed in cultured endothelial cells by tandem scanning confocal microscopy and digitized image analysis, techniques that provide real-time images of adhesion site area and topography in living cells. Image subtraction demonstrated that in the presence of unidirectional steady laminar flow (shear stress [tau] = 10 dyn/cm2) a substantial fraction of focal adhesion sites remodeled in the direction of flow. In contrast, focal adhesions of control (no flow) cells remodeled without preferred direction.

Endothelial cell adhesion in real time. Measurements in vitro by tandem scanning confocal image analysis.

Real time measurements of cell-substratum adhesion in endothelial cells were obtained by tandem scanning confocal microscopy of sites of focal contact (focal adhesions) at the abluminal cell surface. Focal contact sites were sharply defined (low radiance levels) in the living cell such that the images could be enhanced, digitized, and isolated from other cellular detail. Sites of focal contact are the principal determinant of cell-substratum adhesion.

Hemodynamic forces and vascular cell communication in arteries.

As the interface between the blood and the rest of the vessel wall, the endothelium is directly affected by hemodynamic shear stress (frictional) forces that locally regulate vascular tone and are implicated in the localization of atherosclerosis. There are many diverse responses of endothelial cells to hemodynamically related mechanical stresses ranging from ion channel activation to gene regulatory events. The processes of force transmission from the blood to the cell, and force transduction within the endothelium to electrophysiologic, biochemical, and transcriptional responses are poorly understood.

Radiation therapy for pathologic stage III Hodgkin's disease with and without chemotherapy.

Ninety-eight patients with pathological Stage (PS) III Hodgkin's disease treated between 1969 and 1984 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) alone in 46 patients and combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CMT) in 52 patients. The median follow-up was 10 years (range 3-19 years).

Combined modality therapy for tumor stage mycosis fungoides: results of a 10-year follow-up.

Twenty-one patients with tumor stage mycosis fungoides (MF) with or without lymph node (LN) involvement, were treated with total skin electron beam irradiation (TSEB) followed by six monthly cycles of systemic chemotherapy (CT) of either mechlorethamine (HN2) or cyclophosphamide (CTX) with vincristine (VCR), procarbazine, and prednisone (PRD) (COPP or MOPP). All patients had complete clearing of the skin after TSEB. However, while receiving chemotherapy, two patients developed visceral involvement and eight patients relapsed with limited cutaneous plaques (LCP).

Treatment of pulmonary mycosis fungoides with whole-lung radiation therapy.

Visceral involvement is a relatively common but poorly appreciated occurrence in patients with mycosis fungoides. The lungs are the most common site of visceral involvement. Here we present two cases of mycosis fungoides with pulmonary parenchymal involvement, one of them proven by biopsy.

Extended mantle radiation therapy for pathologic stage I and II Hodgkin's disease.

Between 1968 and 1983, 135 patients with pathologic stage (PS) I and II Hodgkin's disease were treated with extended mantle radiation technique (EMRT) at Michael Reese Hospital and the University of Chicago Center for Radiation Therapy. EMRT combines both standard mantle and para-aorta fields (M-PA) in one port. Actuarial disease-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 82.

Randomized neutron dose searching study for malignant gliomas of the brain: results of an RTOG study. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

From September 1980 through January 1985, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conducted a randomized, dose-searching study testing the efficacy of a concomitant neutron boost along with whole brain photon irradiation in the treatment of malignant gliomas of the brain. Patients had to have biopsy-proven, supratentorial, anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme (Nelson schema) to be eligible for the study. The whole brain photon irradiation was given at 1.

Mycosis fungoides involving the central nervous system.

The clinical records of nine patients, followed at the University of Chicago, with mycosis fungoides (MF) and neurologic deficits due to direct CNS involvement were reviewed. Lymph node and visceral involvement was present in all patients. Clinical findings included cranial nerve deficits in four patients, altered mental status in eight, gait disturbances in three, and leg weakness in one.

Pleural involvement in stage IIIM0 non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A need to differentiate subtypes.

Forty-one patients with two subtypes of stage IIIM0 non-small-cell lung cancer treated over a 7-year period were evaluated. The first group of 20 patients had ipsilateral parietal pleural involvement not contiguous with the primary tumor but no distant metastases. Fifteen had positive pleural fluid cytology, seven with positive pleural biopsy in addition; four had extensive pleural studding or a positive biopsy but no effusion; and one had negative pleural fluid cytology.

Treatment of malignant gliomas with neutron radiation.

The author contends that neutron radiation therapy coupled with radiation therapy or other forms of particle radiation therapy may play a role in the management of malignant gliomas. Improved survival, particularly for the patients with the diagnosis of glioblastoma, is discussed.

Long-term survival of patients with localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.

From January 1970 to March 1981, localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) was identified in 31 patients by exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy (pathologic stage I, 17 patients; pathologic stage II, 14 patients) at the University of Chicago. The median follow-up time was 72 months. All patients were previously untreated and received radiation therapy as their primary treatment modality.

Pathologic stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease: results of treatment with radiotherapy alone (1968-1980).

Between Jan 1, 1968, and Dec 31, 1980, 108 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease pathologic stages (PSs) IA (29 patients) and IIA (79 patients) initially received radiotherapy alone. One postoperative death (due to pulmonary embolus) (0.9%) occurred, with one serious complication (0.

Sarcomas arising after radiotherapy for peptic ulcer disease.

Therapeutic gastric irradiation has been used to reduce peptic juice secretion in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Between 1937 and 1968 a total of 2049 patients received such therapy at the University of Chicago. Three of these patients are known to have developed sarcomas in the field of radiation.

The neoplastic potential of gastric irradiation. IV. Risk estimates.

No significant tumor increase was found in the initial analysis of patients irradiated for peptic ulcer and followed through 1962. A preliminary study was undertaken 22 years later to estimate the risk of cancer due to gastric irradiation for peptic ulcer disease. A population of 2,049 irradiated patients and 763 medically managed patients has been identified.

Radiosensitivity of vascular tissue. II. Differential radiosensitivity of aortic cells in vitro.

The cellular outgrowths from three layers of rabbit and monkey aorta were used as primary cultures. Irradiation of the tissue fragments at the time of explanation resulted in a reduction in outgrowth of 50% with a dose of 200 rad, and in a reduction of over 90% with doses of 300 rad and above. When comparable cultures were irradiated after 2 months in vitro as a mature actively metabolizing but slowly proliferating cell population, radioresistance was increased.