Using RZWQM2-P to capture tile drainage phosphorus dynamics in Ohio.

Phosphorus (P) loading from tile-drained agricultural lands is linked to water quality and aquatic ecosystem degradation. The RZWQM2-P model was developed to simulate the fate and transport of P in soil-water-plant systems, especially in tile-drained croplands. Comprehensive evaluation and application of RZWQM2-P, however, remains limited.

Left ventricular myocardial deformation in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) develop several abnormalities of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Speckle-tracking echocardiography permits compressive assessment of LV myocardial deformation. Previous studies involving CKD patients have shown a significant reduction in LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) with strong prognostic implications.

Longitudinal investigation of a single variant SARS-CoV-2-outbreak in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway.

Purpose: To perform an extensive investigation of the clinical features and long-term complications among the n = 134 adults and children with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) verified SARS-CoV-2-infection in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway, during the single variant B.1.1.

Artificial Intelligence in Multilingual Interpretation and Radiology Assessment for Clinical Language Evaluation (AI-MIRACLE).

The AI-MIRACLE Study investigates the efficacy of using ChatGPT 4.0, a large language model (LLM), for translating and simplifying radiology reports into multiple languages, aimed at enhancing patient comprehension. The study assesses the model's performance across the most spoken languages in the U.

Protein and transcriptional biomarker profiling may inform treatment strategies in lower respiratory tract infections by indicating bacterial-viral differentiation.

Unlabelled: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a significant global cause of infectious disease-related mortality. Accurate discrimination between acute bacterial and viral LRTIs is crucial for optimal patient care, prevention of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, and resource allocation. Plasma samples from LRTI patients with bacterial ( = 36), viral ( = 27; excluding SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 ( = 22), and mixed bacterial-viral ( = 38) etiology were analyzed for protein profiling.

The Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension Diagnosis is Not Useful in Lung Allocation.

Background: In lung transplant, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) contains a diagnosis of secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH). SPH and pulmonary arterial hypertension are treated the same in the allocation scoring system. It is not clear whether utilizing the SPH diagnosis instead of the primary diagnosis is helpful to patients or providers.

Safety of teplizumab in patients with high-risk for diabetes mellitus type 1: A systematic review.

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) has been rising worldwide because of improvements in diagnostic techniques and improved access to care in countries with lower socioeconomic status. A new anti-CD4 antibody, Tep-lizumab, has been shown to delay the progression of DM1 and is the only medication approved for this indication. However, more information is needed about the safety profile of this drug.

An Unusual Tumor: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Colon in Lynch Syndrome.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare malignancy. Most of the anatomical sites that are reported to be affected include the esophagus and anal canal. This report highlights the case of a 54-year-old male with a known history of Lynch syndrome and a previous diagnosis of colon cancer who was found to have a recurrence of malignancy affecting this unlikely area.

Sustainable Manufacturing of Multifunctional Fluorine-Free Superslippery Flexible Surfaces.

Surface contamination and friction result in significant energy losses with widespread environmental impact. In the present work, we developed fluorine-free super-slippery surfaces employing environmentally friendly and simple biofuel-based flame treatment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Through a unique combination of processing parameters, highly transparent (>90%) and flexible films were engineered with omniphobic, anti-icing, and ultra-low friction properties.

Comprehensive contact tracing during an outbreak of alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 in a rural community reveals less viral genomic diversity and higher household secondary attack rates than expected.

Unlabelled: Sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a wealth of data on viral evolution across populations, but only a few studies have so far explored SARS-CoV-2 evolution across large connected transmission networks. Here, we couple data from SARS-CoV-2 sequencing with contact tracing data from an outbreak with a single origin in a rural Norwegian community where samples from all exposed persons were collected prospectively. A total of 134 nasopharyngeal samples were positive by PCR.

Dual vs triple antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Antithrombotic treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a dilemma. We compared outcomes of dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)/warfarin + antiplatelets) vs triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) (DOACs/warfarin, aspirin, and P2Y12 inhibitor) in this population. Multiple databases were searched from inception to December 17, 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DAT vs TAT in patients with AF and ACS.

From detection to disappearance: A tale of a nodule.

Spindle cell lesions span from benign to aggressively malignant, the most concerning being the carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma species. While spindle cell carcinoma is the most common spindle cell lesion found along the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), it only accounts for <0.5 % of pulmonary malignancies [1,2].

Towards Sustainability: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Durable Anti-Icing Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

The growing interest in flexible superhydrophobic surfaces extends beyond various practical applications like solar panels, flexible electronics, etc. This study introduces a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method to create a durable, flexible, and optically semi-transparent superhydrophobic film with an extreme anti-icing character. The prestrained polydimethylsiloxane film subjected to biofuel-based flame treatment under controlled conditions induces microwrinkles with a superimposed cluster of nanoparticles while maintaining surface flexibility and transparency.

A retrospective study of non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in a Norwegian hospital: a serious medical condition in need of better and timelier microbiological diagnostics.

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection (HAI). HAP is associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality, but the diagnosis is difficult to establish and the incidence uncertain.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years hospitalised with radiologically verified non-ventilator hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) during 2018 were retrospectively identified at Drammen Hospital, a Norwegian general hospital.

Presence of Microscopic Hematuria Does Not Predict Clinically Important Intra-Abdominal Injury in Children.

Objective: Screening for blunt intra-abdominal injury in children often includes directed laboratory evaluation that guides need for computed tomography. We sought to evaluate the use of urinalysis in identifying patients with clinically important intraabdominal injury ( ci -IAI).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients less than 18 years who presented with blunt mechanisms at a level I trauma center between 2016 and 2019.

Teen pregnancy involvement among African, Caribbean and Black adolescent boys and girls: A scoping review.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the incidence, associated factors and interventions to address teen pregnancy involvement (TPI) among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) adolescents in North America.

Design: We conducted a scoping review of the literature, guided by the social-ecological model.

Data Sources: Studies were retrieved from databases such as Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, CAB Direct and Google Scholar and imported into COVIDENCE for screening.

Dialyzing a Brain-Dead Individual for Organ Procurement.

Many patients are unable to receive organ transplantation as there is an expanding gap between the number of patients waiting for an organ and the number who receive it. Organ procurement from the brain-dead can address this expanding gap, especially because one brain-dead patient can potentially donate multiple organs to several recipients. Here, we describe a rare case of a previously healthy 26-year-old male who was declared brain dead after a motor vehicle accident but underwent hemodialysis to treat his acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia before successfully donating his heart and left kidney.

Evidence-based Practice Interventions for Reducing Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Narrative Review.

Background: Specific surgical procedures, such as upper abdominal and thoracic surgery, are connected to an increased predisposition of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The incidence of PPCs could vary approximately between 20-90% with upper abdominal surgery, which can be minimized by using treatment procedures that increase lung capacity and encourage inspiration. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of already existing evidence-based interventions that promote lung expansion, thereby preventing PPCs.

United States-Mexico Border Disparities in Alcoholic Liver Disease Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis 1999-2020.

Background: US-Mexico (US-MX) border regions are impacted by socioeconomic disadvantages. Alcohol use disorder remains widely prevalent in US-MX border regions, which may increase the risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Goals: We aimed to characterize ALD mortality trends in border regions compared to non-border regions from 1999 to 2020 in the United States (US).