Detection of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer thickness loss with optical coherence tomography using 4 criteria for functional progression.

Purpose: To compare the rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness loss using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in progressing versus nonprogressing eyes using 4 methods to define functional progression.

Methods: Normal and glaucomatous eyes with ≥3 years of follow up were prospectively enrolled. Standard automated perimetry (Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm Standard 24-2) and OCT (Stratus OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) imaging were performed every 6 months in glaucomatous eyes.

Comparison of Scheimpflug imaging and spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography for detection of narrow anterior chamber angles.

Purpose: To compare the performance of anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) obtained using Scheimpflug imaging with angle opening distance (AOD500) and trabecular-iris space area (TISA500) obtained using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-ASOCT) in detecting narrow angles classified using gonioscopy.

Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional observational study, 265 eyes of 265 consecutive patients underwent sequential Scheimpflug imaging, SD-ASOCT imaging, and gonioscopy. Correlations between gonioscopy grading, ACV, ACD, AOD500, and TISA500 were evaluated.

The impact of retardance pattern variability on nerve fiber layer measurements over time using GDx with variable and enhanced corneal compensation.

Purpose: To examine the impact of retardance pattern variability on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements over time using scanning laser polarimetry with variable (GDxVCC) and enhanced corneal compensation (GDxECC; both by Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA).

Methods: Glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes with 4 years of follow-up participating in the Advanced Imaging in Glaucoma Study were prospectively enrolled.

Quantification of change in axonal birefringence following surgical reduction in intraocular pressure.

Background And Objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) birefringence increases following surgical reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Patients And Methods: twenty-six glaucomatous eyes requiring trabeculectomy or drainage implant were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry (SLP), and IOP measurements were performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Reversal of retinal ganglion cell dysfunction after surgical reduction of intraocular pressure.

Purpose: The pattern electroretinogram optimized for glaucoma screening (PERGLA) is a noninvasive method of objectively measuring retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. This study was undertaken to quantify the RGC response to intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after glaucoma surgery.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Comparing rates of retinal nerve fibre layer loss with GDxECC using different methods of visual-field progression.

Background: This prospective analysis was designed to examine the rate of RNFL loss using scanning laser polarimetry (GDx enhanced corneal compensation (GDxECC)) in progressing versus non-progressing eyes using various methods to define functional progression.

Methods: Glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes with ≥3 years of follow-up participating in the Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study were enrolled. All eyes underwent standard automated perimetry (SAP) and GDxECC imaging every 6 months.

The impact of intraocular pressure reduction on retinal ganglion cell function measured using pattern electroretinogram in eyes receiving latanoprost 0.005% versus placebo.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of intraocular (IOP) reduction on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function measured using pattern electroretinogram optimized for glaucoma (PERGLA) in glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes receiving latanoprost 0.005% versus placebo.

Methods: This was a prospective, placebo-controlled, double masked, cross-over clinical trial.

Posterior corneal elevation after LASIK with three flap techniques as measured by Pentacam.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare posterior corneal changes using elevation data obtained from Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) Scheimpflug imaging in eyes undergoing LASIK with three different modes of flap creation: IntraLase femtosecond laser FS60 (Abbott Medical Optics) (femtosecond group), Amadeus (Ziemer Group AG) mechanical microkeratome (keratome group), or flap formation using 20% alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) (LASEK group).

Methods: Ninety myopic patients (90 eyes) undergoing refractive surgery were recruited. The change in posterior corneal elevation at 21 predetermined points in the central 5-mm area was measured using exported elevation data from the Pentacam before LASIK and 18 months postoperative and was compared among and within three modes of flap creation.

Detecting glaucomatous progression using GDx with variable and enhanced corneal compensation using Guided Progression Analysis.

Objective: To compare detection of glaucoma progression with scanning laser polarimetry using two methods for corneal compensation.

Methods: Normal, glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients with 36 months' follow-up meeting the eligibility criteria were prospectively enrolled. All subjects underwent complete eye exam, standard automated perimetry (SAP) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable and enhanced corneal compensation (GDxVCC, GDxECC).

Assessment of central corneal thickness in normal, keratoconus, and post-laser in situ keratomileusis eyes using Scheimpflug imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound pachymetry.

Purpose: To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal eyes, eyes with keratoconus, and eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using 3 methods.

Setting: Cornea Clinic, Grewal Eye Institute, Chandigarh, India.

Methods: In this study, CCT was measured by sequential Scheimpflug imaging, spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and ultrasound (US) pachymetry.

Diffuse glaucomatous structural and functional damage in the hemifield without significant pattern loss.

Objectives: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and retinal sensitivity in the normal visual hemifield of glaucomatous eyes with localized visual field loss with those of normal eyes and eyes with suspected glaucoma, and to evaluate the relationship between RNFL atrophy and glaucoma severity.

Methods: One randomly selected eye of each subject underwent standard automated perimetry, stereoscopic photography, scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced corneal compensation, and time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Mean retinal sensitivity values were calculated in the normal standard automated perimetry hemifield of the glaucoma group and randomly selected hemifields in the normal and suspected glaucoma groups.

Three-dimensional high-speed optical coherence tomography for diagnosis of hypotony maculopathy after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Purpose: To describe the clinical findings of hypotony maculopathy using 3-dimensional (3D) topography maps reconstructed from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging, and compare SD-OCT with time domain OCT (TD-OCT) for hypotony maculopathy diagnosis.

Methods: This was an observational noncomparative case series comprising 7 patients with hypotony maculopathy after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. All patients underwent consecutive imaging with TD-OCT (Stratus OCT) and SD-OCT using various high-resolution instruments.

Building faculty community: fellowship in graduate medical education administration.

Introduction: The Department of Graduate Medical Education at Stanford Hospital and Clinics has developed a professional training program for program directors. This paper outlines the goals, structure, and expected outcomes for the one-year Fellowship in Graduate Medical Education Administration program.

Background: The skills necessary for leading a successful Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) training program require an increased level of curricular and administrative expertise.

Diagnostic ability of Fourier-domain vs time-domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma detection.

Purpose: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness assessments and the discriminating ability of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) with that of time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) for glaucoma detection.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, observational cohort study.

Methods: Normal and glaucomatous eyes underwent complete examination, standard automated perimetry, optic disc photography, TD-OCT (Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA), and FD-OCT (RTVue; Optovue Inc, Fremont, California, USA).

Correlation of nuclear cataract lens density using Scheimpflug images with Lens Opacities Classification System III and visual function.

Purpose: To calculate the average lens density (ALD) and nuclear lens density (NLD) using Scheimpflug images and to determine their correlation with logarithmic minimal angle resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and lens grading based on the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Participants: One hundred ten patients with age-related nuclear cataract.

Scheimpflug imaging of pediatric posterior capsule rupture.

We report a case of an 11-year-old boy who presented two days after blunt trauma to the left eye with a slingshot. On examination his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination of the left eye revealed a Vossius ring, traumatic cataract, traumatic posterior capsule tear (PCT).

Corneal collagen crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light for keratoconus: one-year analysis using Scheimpflug imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in corneal curvature, corneal elevation, corneal thickness, lens density, and foveal thickness after corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A (UVA) light in eyes with progressive keratoconus.

Setting: Grewal Eye Institute, Chandigarh, India.

Methods: Subjective refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Scheimpflug imaging, and optical coherence tomography were performed preoperatively and 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year after crosslinking.

Ocular toxoplasmosis presenting with focal retinal nerve fiber atrophy simulating glaucoma.

Purpose: We describe a patient with ocular hypertension and nonglaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) atrophy associated with an ocular toxoplasmosis retinal lesion.

Patient And Method: Single case report.

Results: An RNFL defect was identified adjacent to a circumscribed pigmented chorioretinal lesion superior to the macular region.

Neural tube defects and herbal medicines containing lead: a possible relationship.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common cause of potentially preventable congenital malformations in the human fetus. Even with the universal folate supplementation the incidence of NTDs remain higher is developing world than the industrialized countries. We think that lead, a component of many herbal medicines taken during pregnancy for generalized well being of mother and fetus may have a role to play.

Artificial neural network-based glaucoma diagnosis using retinal nerve fiber layer analysis.

Purpose: To develop, train, and test an artificial neural network (ANN) for differentiating among normal subjects, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) suspects, and persons with POAG in Asian-Indian eyes using inputs from clinical parameters, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual fields, and GDx nerve fiber analyzer.

Methods: One hundred eyes were classified using optic disc examination and perimetry into normal (n=35), POAG suspects (n=30), and POAG (n=35). EasyNN-plus simulator was used to develop an ANN model with inputs including age, sex, myopia, intraocular pressure (IOP), optic nerve head, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters on OCT, Octopus 30-2 full threshold visual field, and GDx parameters.

Square-edge polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens design for reducing posterior capsule opacification following paediatric cataract surgery: initial experience.

Purpose: To compare the incidence and severity of development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) following implantation of square-edged polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) following paediatric cataract surgery.

Design: Prospective, consecutive, interventional, comparative, randomized and cross-sectional study of 40 eyes of 32 children aged between 4 and 12 years who underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation.

Methods: The patients were randomized into two groups of 20 eyes each.

Evaluation of subconjunctival bevacizumab as an adjunct to trabeculectomy a pilot study.

Purpose: To determine whether bevacizumab can reduce bleb failure in patients undergoing first-time trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG).

Design: Nonrandomized, open-label, prospective, interventional case series.

Participants: Twelve individuals (7 males; 5 females) with a diagnosis of POAG or CACG, a recorded intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mmHg (between 10 am and 12 pm), glaucomatous damage on visual field or optic disc, and taking a maximum tolerated dose of IOP-lowering medication.