Drug Development.

Background: Various studies have evidenced the neuroprotective role of SIRT1 activator. However, whether SIRT1 activator, Piceatannol pharmacological treatment is protective in chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction remains unknown. Therefore, this study design included testing the hypothesis that Piceatannol administered in chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction mice shows protective effects, explores & probes underlying the activation of SIRT1 pathway.

Drug Development.

Background: The present study recapitulates the potency of the novel synthesized piperazine-benzoquinone derivative as a lead molecule selectively targeting AChE along with the antioxidative potential for the management of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Method: Novel piperazine-benzoquinone derivative was synthesized implementing appropriate synthetic procedures and was characterized by various spectral and elemental techniques. The purity of this synthetic analogue was ascertained by TLC, melting point determination and elemental analyses.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Dementia is a mental condition defined by a severe loss of intellectual ability that interferes with one's occupational or social activities. The rapid increase in the number of patients with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) will result in tremendous consequences for our society and economy. Hypoxanthine is a purine compound that is implicated in the progression of AD.

Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Rufinamide in a Streptozotocin-Induced Dementia Model.

Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD (Alzheimer's Disease), there are currently no effective clinical treatments available, except for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein) has been identified as the critical factor for the transcription in memory formation. Understanding the effect of potential drugs on the CREB pathway could lead to the development of new therapeutic molecules.

Evaluation of efficacy of two bag-mask ventilation techniques by novice airway providers: Two-handed CE versus dominant-hand CE-non-dominant-hand thenar eminence techniques - A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: The conventional CE clamp technique may not effectively provide bag-mask ventilation (BMV) in the hands of inexperienced providers. Hence, we compared the efficacy of two-handed CE versus a hybrid technique.

Methods: One hundred thirty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II adult patients were randomised into groups A and B.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring-Openings of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Azole Nucleophiles.

We report enantioselective ring-openings of oxabicyclic alkenes with azole nucleophiles, generating heterocycle-bearing dihydronaphthalene products. Pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, and benzo-fused derivatives participate in the ring-opening, with the level of regioselectivity depending on the type and substitution pattern of the heterocyclic partner. Electron-withdrawing azole substituents have a beneficial effect, suppressing the unproductive complexation of a nitrogen with the Rh(I)-bis(phosphine) catalyst.

Exploring Therapeutic Strategies: The Relationship between Metabolic Disorders and FOXO Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease is an ailment that is linked with the degeneration of the brain cells, and this illness is the main cause of dementia. Metabolic stress affects the activity of the brain in AD via FOXO signaling. The occurrence of AD will significantly surge as the world's population ages, along with lifestyle changes perceived in current decades, indicating a main contributor to such augmented prevalence.

Community-based palliative care needs and barriers to access among cancer patients in rural north India: a Participatory action research.

Background: This paper aimed to explore the palliative care (PC) needs and barriers to access among cancer patients in a rural region of North India with a high cancer burden.

Methods: A Participatory action research (PAR) approach was employed. Situational assessment, community sensitization workshops (CSWs) and door-to-door surveys were planned, conducted and developed over three PAR cycles.

Development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl Acyl Reductase (InhA) Inhibitors: A Mini-Review.

This review article delves into the critical role of Enoyl acyl carrier protein Reductase (InhA; ENR), a vital enzyme in the NADH-dependent acyl carrier protein reductase family, emphasizing its significance in fatty acid synthesis and, more specifically, the biosynthesis of mycolic acid. The primary objective of this literature review is to elucidate diverse scaffolds and their developmental progression targeting InhA inhibition, thereby disrupting mycolic acid biosynthesis. Various scaffolds, including thiourea, piperazine, thiadiazole, triazole, quinazoline, benzamide, rhodanine, benzoxazole, and pyridine, have been systematically explored for their potential as InhA inhibitors.

Rationally designed febuxostat-based hydroxamic acid and its pH-Responsive nanoformulation elicits anti-tumor activity.

Attempts to furnish antitumor structural templates that can prevent the occurrence of drug-induced hyperuricemia spurred us to generate xanthine oxidase inhibitor-based hydroxamic acids and anilides. Specifically, the design strategy involved the insertion of febuxostat (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) as a surface recognition part of the HDAC inhibitor pharmacophore model. Investigation outcomes revealed that hydroxamic acid 4 elicited remarkable antileukemic effects mediated via HDAC isoform inhibition.

On-call simulation: Evaluating cost and impact.

Background: On-call simulation has been shown to improve the confidence of prospective junior doctors in undertaking on-call shifts. Despite this, it is not mandated in UK medical school curricula, leading to variations in provision. Barriers to widespread implementation may include doubts surrounding effectiveness, feasibility of delivering on-call simulation across multiple sites and unknown costs.

Elucidating the molecular symphony: unweaving the transcriptional & epigenetic pathways underlying neuroplasticity in opioid dependence and withdrawal.

The persistent use of opioids leads to profound changes in neuroplasticity of the brain, contributing to the emergence and persistence of addiction. However, chronic opioid use disrupts the delicate balance of the reward system in the brain, leading to neuroadaptations that underlie addiction. Chronic cocaine usage leads to synchronized alterations in gene expression, causing modifications in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), a vital part of the reward system of the brain.

Brain Nucleic Acid Delivery and Genome Editing via Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Long-Circulating Nanoparticles.

We introduce a two-pronged strategy comprising focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and long-circulating biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) for systemic delivery of nucleic acids to the brain. Biodegradable poly(β-amino ester) polymer-based NPs were engineered to stably package various types of nucleic acid payloads and enable prolonged systemic circulation while retaining excellent serum stability. FUS was applied to a predetermined coordinate within the brain to transiently open the BBB, thereby allowing the systemically administered long-circulating NPs to traverse the BBB and accumulate in the FUS-treated brain region, where plasmid DNA or mRNA payloads produced reporter proteins in astrocytes and neurons.

Crowdfunding for Complementary and Alternative Cancer Treatments in Tijuana, Mexico: Content Analysis.

Background: Complementary and alternative (CAM) cancer treatment is often expensive and not covered by insurance. As a result, many people turn to crowdfunding to access this treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the rationales of patients with cancer seeking CAM treatment abroad by looking specifically at crowdfunding campaigns to support CAM cancer treatment in Tijuana, Mexico.

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Mimicking Obstructive Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), otherwise known as non-alcoholic destructive pancreatitis or sclerosing pancreatitis, is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis that is clinically significant due to its potential to mimic pancreatic cancer. In our case, we present a 64-year-old male with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes and epigastric abdominal pain for one year who presented with worsening epigastric abdominal pain, 12-pound weight loss, and vomiting and was found to have a neuroendocrine tumor on a preliminary pathology report, while official pathology later came back stating AIP. Distinguishing between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic cancer is vital, given the stark contrast in their treatment and prognosis.

Germacrone: A Multi-targeting Sesquiterpene with Promising Anti-cancer and Chronic Disease Applications.

Background: Germacrone, a naturally occurring active compound found in essential oils extracted from medicinal plants within the Zingiberaceae family, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic applications. Extensive research has highlighted its multi-targeting capabilities, positioning it as a promising treatment for various chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of germacrone as a scaffold for developing multi-targeting drugs with therapeutic potential against a range of chronic disorders.

An insight into the concept of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease: targeting molecular approach Nrf2, NF-κB, and CREB.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a most prevalent neurologic disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation, and excessive neuroinflammation. It affects various life tasks and reduces thinking, memory, capability, reasoning and orientation ability, decision, and language. The major parts responsible for these abnormalities are the cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus.

Photobiomodulation therapy using a class 3b laser does not cause premature rupture of multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine suspensions in a cadaver model.

Objective: To determine if photobiomodulation causes a premature release of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) suspensions.

Animals: A 25-kg mixed breed dog cadaver euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study.

Methods: In September 2022, a proximomedial tibial incision was made in a dog cadaver, and a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy plate was implanted.