Cartilage thickness and split-line pattern at the canine humeral trochlea.

Objective: To characterise the humeral trochlea in middle to large breed dogs in respect to split-line pattern and cartilage thickness.

Methods: In 15 paired cadaveric elbow joints of mature dogs (>20 kg body weight) collagen network orientation of the hyaline cartilage of the humeral trochlea was visualised using a traditional split-line technique in which a dissecting needle dipped in India ink was inserted into the cartilage (n = 10). Cartilage thickness was measured radiographically on osteochondral plugs harvested at four representative locations within the joint surface of the humeral trochlea (n = 15).

Computer simulation of the distal aspect of the femur for assessment of donor core size and surface curvature for autologous osteochondral transplantation in the canine stifle joint.

Objective: To report topographic matching of selected donor sites and donor core sizes for congruous reconstruction of the weight-bearing aspect of the femoral condyles in dogs for autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) using computer simulation.

Study Design: Computer simulation.

Sample Population: Computed tomographic scans of the distal aspect of 1 femur from each of 6 mature dogs (>20 kg).

Effects of attachment sites and joint angle at the time of lateral suture fixation on tension in the suture for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle in dogs.

Objective: To investigate the influence of different sites of lateral suture fixation for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifle and different joint angles at time of tightening on suture tension.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Sample Population: Stifle joints (n=9) of dogs >or=20 kg.

Development and in situ application of an adjustable aiming device to guide extra- to intraarticular tibial tunnel drilling for the insertion of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs.

Objective: To develop and test an arthroscopic aiming device for extra- to intraarticular tibial tunnel drilling emerging at the center of the tibial insertion (CenterTib) of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in medium to large breed dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive experimental study.

Sample Population: Fifty-two cadaveric hind limbs of dogs >or=20 kg BW.

Mapping subchondral bone density of selected donor and recipient sites for autologous osteochondral transplantation in the canine stifle joint using computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry.

Objective: To characterize donor and recipient sites for autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) in the canine stifle joint with respect to maximal subchondral bone density (mSBD).

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Sample Population: Femora (n=15) of dogs (>20 kg).

[Stifle stability after lateral suture stabilisation using Ethibond Excel®: early destabilisation following cyclic passive joint motion].

Objective: 1) To report cranio-caudal stifle stability (ccStab) following lateral suture stabilisation (LSS) and passive joint motion. 2) To report tension within the suture following knotting.

Material And Methods: ccStab was measured in vitro on latero-medial radiographs in 10 stifles of orthopaedically sound dogs (> 20 kg BW).

Value of low-field magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing meniscal tears in the canine stifle: a prospective study evaluating sensitivity and specificity in naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament deficiency with arthroscopy as the gold standard.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (lfMRI) for detection of meniscal tears in the canine stifle.

Study Design: Double-blinded prospective clinical study.

Animals: Forty-two consecutive stifles of dogs (>or=20 kg; n=34) with clinical and radiologic signs suspicious for cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency.

[Radiographic location of the tibial cranial cruciate ligament attachment in middle- to large breed dogs].

Objective: Investigation of the radiographic cranio-caudal (cc) and medio-lateral (ml) location of the tibial centroid of the attachment area of the CCL (ACCL).

Material And Methods: In 46 tibiae from orthopedically healthy dogs (22-50kg) the tibial plateau was stripped of all soft tissue, degreased with acetone and the contour of the ACCL was marked with ink stain. The CCL was completely resected and one pin each was placed at the most medial, lateral, cranial and caudal extensions of the ACCL.

Sensitivity and specificity of arthroscopic estimation of positive and negative radio-ulnar incongruence in dogs. An in vitro study.

Objectives: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of arthroscopic estimation of positive and negative radio-ulnar incongruence (RUI) in the canine elbow joint.

Methods: Experimental radial shortening and lengthening by 1 and 2 mm increments were performed in nine right elbow joints, extending an established surgical in vitro model of RUI. Arthroscopic estimation of each artificially produced radio-ulnar joint conformation (RUJC) was done using a graduated hook probe.

Mapping of split-line pattern and cartilage thickness of selected donor and recipient sites for autologous osteochondral transplantation in the canine stifle joint.

Objective: To characterize donor and recipient sites for autologous osteochondral transplantation in the canine stifle joint with respect to split-line pattern and cartilage thickness.

Study Design: In vitro study. Sample Population- Stifle joints (n=30) of dogs >20 kg.

Visual estimation of radioulnar incongruence in dogs using three-dimensional image rendering: an in vitro study based on computed tomographic imaging.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of visual estimation of radioulnar incongruence (RUI) in the canine elbow by use of 3-dimensional (3D) image rendering.

Study Design: Experimentally induced negative and positive RUI.

Sample Population: Canine (>20 kg) cadaveric right thoracic limbs (n=8).

Continuous lumbar hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc disease in an Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica).

A 13-yr-old Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) was presented for an acute onset of paraplegia. Spinal imaging that included plain radiographs, myelography, and computed tomography performed under general anesthesia revealed lateralized spinal cord compression at the intervertebral disc space L4-5 caused by intervertebral disc extrusion. This extrusion was accompanied by an extensive epidural hemorrhage from L3 to L6.

Partial lateral corpectomy for ventral extradural thoracic spinal cord compression in a cat.

A 7-year-old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat was presented for ambulatory paraparesis. No trauma history was reported. Myelography and subsequent computed tomography revealed multiple ventrally located extradural spinal cord compressive lesions possibly due to intervertebral disc disease.

Cerebellar cortical degeneration with selective granule cell loss in Bavarian mountain dogs.

Three Bavarian mountain dogs aged between 18 and 20 months, not related to each other, were presented with chronic signs of cerebellar dysfunction. On sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain images, the tentative diagnosis of cerebellar hypoplasia was established based on an enlarged cerebrospinal fluid space around the cerebellum and an increased cerebrospinal fluid signal between the folia. Post-mortem examination was performed in one dog and did show an overall reduction of cerebellar size.

In vitro comparison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy with and without use of a tibial plateau leveling jig.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of a tibial plateau leveling jig on osteotomy orientation, fragment reduction, and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study Design: In vitro experimental study.

Animals: Large-breed canine cadavers (n=20).

Liposuction--removal of giant lipomas for weight loss in a dog with severe hip osteoarthritis.

An extremely obese, mixed breed dog, with severe bilateral hip osteoarthritis was presented with progressive hindlimb lameness. In addition, three giant lipomas were diagnosed, one causing mechanical irritation within the left axillary region. Previous treatments of dietary weight loss and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had failed.

High-dose-rate brachytherapy for intranasal tumours in dogs: results of a pilot study.

This prospective study describes the feasibility and toxicity of (192)Iridium high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy as an alternative strategy for the treatment of canine intranasal tumours. Fifteen dogs with malignant intranasal tumours were treated twice weekly using a hypofractionated protocol with eight fractions, 5 Gy per fraction, resulting in a total dose of 40 Gy. Acute and chronic adverse side-effects appeared to be rare.

Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic findings associated with necrotizing encephalitis in two Yorkshire terriers.

Two young adult Yorkshire terriers had neurologic signs consistent with forebrain and brainstem involvement or forebrain involvement alone. On magnetic resonance imaging studies there were asymmetric bilateral lesions mainly in the cerebral cortex, and in the diencephalon. These areas were hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of hepatic lesions associated with congenital portosystemic shunt in dogs.

Canine livers with congenital portosystemic shunt were investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically before and 8-272 days after partial ligation of the shunt. Lesions included hypoplasia of portal veins, arteriolar and ductular proliferation, lymphangiectasis, mild to moderate fibrosis, fatty cysts, and mostly mild hepatocellular damage with frequent atrophy and steatosis, regardless of the location of the shunting vessel. Perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in normal canine liver expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), but no desmin.

Spinal arachnoid pseudocysts in 10 rottweilers.

Ten rottweilers presenting with spinal arachnoid pseudocysts were investigated. In six dogs, the lesions were localised dorsally at C2-C3; in three dogs, dorsally and ventrally at C5-C6; and, in one dog, dorsally and ventrally at C6-C7. Clinical signs were consistent with focal compression of the affected spinal cord segments.

[Somatotropic pituitary adenoma with lesions of the oculomotor nerve in a cat].

A case of a 6.5-year-old castrated male European Shorthair Cat with an unilateral lesion of the oculomotor nerve is described. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the area of the pituitary gland which could be identified as a somatotrope adenoma by immunochemistry.

[Myopathy due to potassium deficiency in eight cats and a dog].

Eight cats and one dog with signs of cervical ventroflexion, reluctance to walk, a stiff and stilted gait and muscle weakness are introduced. Though blood potassium concentration was very low (< 3.0 mval/l) in one cat and the dog only, a potassium depletion myopathy was assumed as the cause of these symptoms.

[Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid in dogs with brain tumors and spinal cord compression. Part 4].

The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of 9 dogs with brain tumors and 50 dogs with spinal cord compression are discussed. Of the 50 dogs with spinal cord compression, disc protrusion was diagnosed in 31, myelomalacia in 7, discospondylitis in 3 and spinal cord tumors in 9 dogs. In 4 of 9 dogs with brain tumors, tumor cells could be found by the sedimentation apparatus of Kölmel.

[Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs and cats with symptoms of meningitis/meningoencephalitis. Part 3].

A review of the literature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of different forms of meningitis/meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs and cats is given. Eight dogs and three cats with signs of meningitis/meningoencephalitis are presented. Four dogs and one cat improved to normal for 1-3 years.