[Not Available].

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The disease rarely occurs in Norway, but constitutes a significant global health issue.

Case Presentation: A man in his forties presented with right-sided flank pain.

Estimating cardiac output from coronary CT angiography: an individualized compartment model in comparison to the Stewart-Hamilton method.

Background: Attenuation is correlated with the concentration of contrast medium (CM) in the arteries. The cardiac output (CO) affects the concentration of CM in the circulatory system; therefore, CO affects the time-density curve (TDC). Thus, estimating CO using TDC from test-bolus images acquired in computed tomography (CT) is possible.

Neurofilament light in plasma is a potential biomarker of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP) are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is part of the neuronal cytoskeleton.

Intra-observer agreements in multidisciplinary team assessments of pancreatic cancer patients.

Background And Methods: Treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer patients are made by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) board. We aimed to assess intra-observer variance at MDT boards. Participating units staged, assessed resectability, and made treatment allocations for the same patients as they did two years earlier.

Neurofilament light is a biomarker of brain involvement in lupus and primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Background: To test the hypothesis that neurofilament light (NfL) in CSF is a biomarker of CNS involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), we measured NfL in CSF from 52 patients with lupus and 54 with pSS and explored associations with clinical, structural, immunological and biochemical abnormalities.

Methods: In CSF, we measured NfL, anti-P antibodies, protein S100B and TWEAK by ELISA and anti-NR2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence. Anti-phospholipid antibodies and routine immunological tests were performed in blood.

Percutaneous cholecystostomy - An option in selected patients with acute cholecystitis.

While urgent percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) was introduced as an alternative to acute surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC), the current place of PC in the treatment algorithm for AC is challenged. We evaluate demographics and outcomes of PC in routine clinical practice in a population-based cohort.Retrospective evaluation of consecutive patients treated with PC for AC between 2000 and 2015.

Endurance exercise training volume is not associated with progression of coronary artery calcification.

Background: Recent cross-sectional studies have suggested a dose-dependent relationship between lifelong exposure to physical activity and the burden of calcified coronary artery disease (CAD). No longitudinal studies have addressed this concern.

Hypothesis: Exercise volume is associated with progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC), defined as ≥10 units increase in CAC score.

Occult obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with prolonged cardiac troponin elevation following strenuous exercise.

Background: Sudden cardiac death among middle-aged recreational athletes is predominantly due to myocardial ischaemia. This study examined whether measuring cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnT) after strenuous exercise could identify occult obstructive coronary artery disease.

Design: Prospective observational study.

A case of Ménétriere´s disease treated with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab.

Ménétriere´s disease is a rare disorder of the body and fundus of the stomach, characterized by a massive proliferation of the foveolar cells and subsequent excess mucous secretion. This results in hypoproteinemia due to loss of serum proteins across the gastric mucosa. The cause of Ménétriere´s disease is unknown, and due to the irreversible and premalignant character of the disorder, the patients affected have been subdued to gastrectomy as the only curable treatment.

Race duration and blood pressure are major predictors of exercise-induced cardiac troponin elevation.

Background: The underlying mechanisms of the exercise-induced increase in cardiac troponins (cTn) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify independent determinants of exercise-induced cTn increase in a large cohort of healthy recreational athletes.

Methods: A total of 1002 recreational cyclists without known cardiovascular disease or medication, participating in a 91-km mountain bike race were included.

The blood-brain barrier, TWEAK, and neuropsychiatric involvement in human systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: A prevailing hypothesis for neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome is that brain reactive autoantibodies enter the brain through a disrupted blood-brain barrier. Our aim was to investigate whether TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) plays a role in cerebral involvement in human SLE and primary Sjögren's syndrome, and whether an impaired blood-brain barrier is a prerequisite for neuropsychiatric manifestations.

Methods: TWEAK was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum and compared with markers of blood-brain barrier permeability (Q-albumin and MRI contrast-enhanced lesions) and S100B, an astrocyte activation marker in 50 SLE and 52 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.

A population study of Norwegian psychiatric patients referred for clinical brain scanning.

Background: Patients with psychiatric conditions are often referred for a brain scan during the course of their diagnostic workup.

Aims: The aim of our study is to determine frequency and type of organic brain pathology, the relationship to age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis.

Method: We investigated magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography brain scans from consecutively referred patients over a 10-year period (January 2002-December 2011).

[Cardiac sarcoidosis].

Sarcoidosis is characterised by granulomatous inflammation in one or more organs, including the heart. Cardiac sarcoidosis generally has non-specific symptoms, and the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage. The condition is associated with cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia and may be fatal.

No structural cerebral MRI changes related to fatigue in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: Whether or not chronic fatigue is reflected in structural changes in the brain is a matter of debate. Primary SS (pSS) is characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes, migrating muscle and joint pain and prominent fatigue. We aimed to investigate whether the severity of fatigue in pSS was associated with cerebral MRI findings.

Highly increased Troponin I levels following high-intensity endurance cycling may detect subclinical coronary artery disease in presumably healthy leisure sport cyclists: The North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study (NEEDED) 2013.

Background Circulating cardiac troponin levels increase following prolonged intense physical exercise. The aim of this study was to identify participants with highly elevated cardiac troponins after prolonged, high intensity exercise, and to evaluate these for subclinical coronary artery disease. Methods and results Ninety-seven recreational cyclists without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes, participating in a 91 km mountain bike race were included, 74 (76%) were males, age: 43 ± 10 years, race duration: 4.

The potential health and economic effect of a Body Mass Index decrease in the overweight and obese population in Belgium.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the health and economic consequences of a Body Mass Index decrease in the Belgian overweight and obese population over a 20-year time period.

Study Design: Health economic evaluation study.

Methods: A Markov decision-analytic model using a societal perspective was applied, projecting the one-year results of a one unit Body Mass Index decrease over a time horizon of 20 years.

Migraine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with reduced cerebral grey matter volume but not with measures of glial activation or anti-NR2 or anti-P antibodies.

Background And Purpose: Migraine is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the pathogenesis and pathophysiology are poorly understood. Migraine is assumed to be a consequence of abnormal neuronal excitability. Based on the hypothesis that the threshold for migraine is lower in SLE patients due to cerebral disturbances, whether structural abnormalities of the brain or relevant biomarkers are associated with headaches in SLE was investigated.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach--proper identification and treatment remain a challenge.

Objective: The term hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) of the stomach was introduced three decades ago with the observation of high serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in some gastric adenocarcinoma patients. This very rare gastric cancer patient subgroup is likely frequently misdiagnosed.

Material: Two patients who were recently diagnosed with HAC of the stomach at our institution are presented.

Adult pancreatic hemangioma in pregnancy--concerns and considerations of a rare case.

Background: Pancreatic tumors in pregnancy are rare but clinically challenging. Careful diagnostic workup, including appropriate imaging examinations, should be performed to evaluate surgery indications and timing . In the present case a diagnosis of an adult pancreatic hemangioma was made.

Association of hippocampal atrophy with cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against the NR2 subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is common in both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Antibodies against the NR2 subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NR2 antibodies) cause hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment in mice and have been associated with memory impairment in both patients with SLE and patients with primary SS. In addition, a reduced volume of hippocampal gray matter has been demonstrated in both SLE and primary SS.

Loss of cerebral white matter in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a controlled volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background And Purpose: Although brain involvement is common in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), results from cerebral imaging studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to perform both voxel-wise and global brain volume analyses in a nearly population-based pSS cohort to explore whether the patients displayed any focal or diffuse volume differences compared with healthy subjects.

Methods: Global grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were measured and compared in 60 patients with pSS and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects.