Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Life Support in Neonatal Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Cohort Study and a Systematic Review.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support in newborns with severe respiratory failure. Our main objective was to evaluate the mortality of patients and define positive and negative predictive factors of survival.

Methods: We performed a Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)-conformed retrospective observational study and a systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Molecular diversity in fusidic acid-resistant Methicillin Susceptible .

Objectives: The recent emergence of fusidic acid (FA)-resistant has underscored the importance of active surveillance in isolating these strains. The molecular basis of fusidic acid resistance and the carriage of virulence factors in four borderline oxacillin-resistant (BORSA) clinical strains was assessed through phenotypical and genotypical methods.

Methods: All clinical strains were obtained from various hospital units in Sicily antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted.

The dual nature of DNA damage response in obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss.

This novel study applies targeted functional proteomics to examine tissues and cells obtained from a cohort of individuals with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery (BS), using a Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA). In obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but not subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), shows activation of DNA damage response (DDR) markers including ATM, ATR, histone H2AX, KAP1, Chk1, and Chk2, alongside senescence markers p16 and p21. Additionally, stress-responsive metabolic markers, such as survivin, mTOR, and PFKFB3, are specifically elevated in VAT, suggesting both cellular stress and metabolic dysregulation.

TMBcalc: a computational pipeline for identifying pan-cancer Tumor Mutational Burden gene signatures.

Background: In the precision medicine era, identifying predictive factors to select patients most likely to benefit from treatment with immunological agents is a crucial and open challenge in oncology.

Methods: This paper presents a pan-cancer analysis of Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB). We developed a novel computational pipeline, TMBcalc, to calculate the TMB.

Generation and Characterization of Stable Small Colony Variants of USA300 in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages.

Intracellular survival and immune evasion are typical features of staphylococcal infections. USA300 is a major clone of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), a community- and hospital-acquired pathogen capable of disseminating throughout the body and evading the immune system. Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties acting on the peripheral (macrophages) and tissue-resident (microglia) immune system.

Drug resistant epilepsies: A multicentre case series of steroid therapy.

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of corticosteroids on seizure control in drug-resistant epilepsies (DREs). Our primary goal was to assess the response to steroids for various underlying etiologies, interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns and electroclinical seizure descriptions. Our second goal was to compare steroid responsiveness to different treatment protocols.

GLUT-1DS resistant to ketogenic diet: from clinical feature to in silico analysis. An exemplificative case report with a literature review.

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1DS) is characterized by alterations in glucose translocation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to mutation involving the GLUT-1 transporter. The fundamental therapy is ketogenic diet (KD) that provide an alternative energetic substrate - ketone bodies that across the BBB via MCT-1 - for the brain. Symptoms are various and include intractable seizure, acquired microcephalia, abnormal ocular movement, movement disorder, and neurodevelopment delay secondary to an energetic crisis for persistent neuroglycopenia.

Ketogenic Diet in Neonates with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Efficacy and Side Effects-A Single Center's Initial Experience.

Background: For patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, a therapeutic option is ketogenic diet. Currently, data on young infants are scarce, particularly during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term (3-month) efficacy and side effects of ketogenic diet in infants with "drugs-resistant" epilepsy treated during NICU stay.

SARS-CoV-2 and Swabs: Disease Severity and the Numbers of Cycles of Gene Amplification, Single Center Experience.

Pediatric COVID-19 determines a mild clinical picture, but few data have been published about the correlation between disease severity and PCR amplification cycles of SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory samples. This correlation is clinically important because it permits the stratification of patients in relation to their risk of developing a serious disease. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to establish whether disease severity at the onset, when evaluated with a LqSOFA score, correlated with the gene amplification of SARS-CoV-2.

Long-Term Survivors in a Cohort of People Living with HIV Diagnosed between 1985 and 1994: Predictive Factors Associated with More Than 25 Years of Survival.

Although the mortality rate among individuals diagnosed during the pre-Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment era has been substantial, a considerable number of them survived. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV long-term survivors in a cohort of People Living with HIV diagnosed between 1985 and 1994 and to speculate about potential predictive factors associated to long survival. This is a retrospective single-center study.

Omic insights into various ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant isolates from two southern Italian regions.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is one of the best therapeutic options available for infections caused by carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria. However, sporadic reports of CZA-resistant strains have been rapidly increasing in patients. Herein, we provide detailed case reports of the emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance to identify their resistome and virulome using genomic molecular approaches.

24SMBc Genome Analysis Reveals New Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Involved in Antimicrobial Effects on and .

24SMBc is an oral probiotic with antimicrobial activity against the otopathogens and . Clinical studies have reinforced its role in reducing the recurrence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and rebalancing the nasal microbiota. In this study, for the first time, we characterized 24SMBc by whole genome sequencing and annotation; likewise, its antagonistic activity vs.

Acinetobacter baumannii and Cefiderocol, between Cidality and Adaptability.

Among the bacterial species included in the ESKAPE group, Acinetobacter baumannii is of great interest due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics and its ability to infect different body regions. Cefiderocol (FDC) is a novel cephalosporin that is active against Gram-negative bacteria, with promising efficacy for A. baumannii infections, but some studies have reported therapeutic failures even in the presence of susceptible strains.

Genomic Landscape Alterations in Primary Tumor and Matched Lymph Node Metastasis in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Up to the present date, the genetic understanding of patients with favorable or unfavorable prognosis is gaining interest for giving the appropriate tailored treatment. We aimed to investigate genetic changes associated with lymph node metastasis in a cohort of hormone-naïve Pca patients.

Virus finding tools: current solutions and limitations.

Motivation: The study of the Human Virome remains challenging nowadays. Viral metagenomics, through high-throughput sequencing data, is the best choice for virus discovery. The metagenomics approach is culture-independent and sequence-independent, helping search for either known or novel viruses.

Computational Resources for the Interpretation of Variations in Cancer.

A broad ecosystem of resources, databases, and systems to analyze cancer variations is present in the literature. These are a strategic element in the interpretation of NGS experiments. However, the intrinsic wealth of data from RNA-seq, ChipSeq, and DNA-seq can be fully exploited only with the proper skill and knowledge.

Antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus cell-free supernatants against multidrug-resistant urogenital pathogens.

The healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which provide an important critical line of defense against pathogens, as well as giving beneficial effects to the host. We characterized L.