The younger flagellum sets the beat for .

Eukaryotes swim with coordinated flagellar (ciliary) beating and steer by fine-tuning the coordination. The model organism for studying flagellate motility, , employs synchronous, breaststroke-like flagellar beating to swim, and it modulates the beating amplitudes differentially to steer. This strategy hinges on both inherent flagellar asymmetries (e.

Hydrodynamics Versus Intracellular Coupling in the Synchronization of Eukaryotic Flagella.

The influence of hydrodynamic forces on eukaryotic flagella synchronization is investigated by triggering phase locking between a controlled external flow and the flagella of C. reinhardtii. Hydrodynamic forces required for synchronization are over an order of magnitude larger than hydrodynamic forces experienced in physiological conditions.

Time-frequency analysis of the endocavitarian signal in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

We apply the time-frequency analysis to the endocavitarian signal of patients suffering from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The time-frequency spectrum reveals the components of the endocavitarian signal. These components are located in the regions of the time-frequency domain that differ for in-rhythm and in-atrial fibrillation signals.