Gender Is a Spectrum: Evaluating Current and Novel Ways to Inquire About Gender Identity in the Health Care Setting.

Purpose: The use of visuals to inquire about gender in the clinical setting has been rare. We developed a survey that included a visual spectrum to assess perceptions about the most and least inclusive ways of inquiring about gender in patients with gender dysphoria.

Methods: The survey included a multiple-choice question (MCQ), free-response question, and a visual spectrum on which respondents were asked to select one box that best depicts their gender.

Machine learning improves prediction of postoperative outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Machine learning (ML) approaches have become increasingly popular in predicting surgical outcomes. However, it is unknown whether they are superior to traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression (LR). This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the performance of ML vs LR models in predicting postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.

Results of a Pilot Virtual Microsurgery Course for Plastic Surgeons in LMICs.

Background: The Plastic Surgery Foundation's Surgeons in Humanitarian Alliance for Reconstruction, Research and Education (SHARE) program seeks to expand surgical capacity worldwide through mentorship and training for local plastic surgeons. This study aims to define the need for microsurgery training among SHARE global fellows and describe results of a pilot course.

Methods: Ten participants of the SHARE Virtual Microsurgical Skills Course were asked to complete an anonymous survey.

Impact of ACAPS Coordinated Interview Release Policy: Applicant and Program Attitudes, Adherence, and Interview Trends.

Background: The authors studied the impact of a new, coordinated interview release date for integrated plastic surgery residencies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of all 2020 integrated plastic surgery residencies and applicants was performed. Voluntary, anonymous surveys were administered following implementation of the interview policy.

The Influence of Academic Pedigree on Integrated Plastic Surgery Resident Training Location.

Introduction: Plastic surgery residencies are among the most competitive programs for graduate medical education. While board scores and research output are well-studied indicators of match success, no studies describe the association between an applicant's medical school ranking and subsequent residency ranking.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of integrated plastic surgery residents for the 2019 to 2020 academic year was performed.

Diversity and Inclusion: A Review of Effective Initiatives in Surgery.

Objective: Surgery lacks women and racial minorities that are underrepresented in medicine (UIM). This systematic review evaluates interventions used to promote diversity in surgery.

Design: The PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies (1) describing interventions for increasing UIM and gender diversity, (2) within surgery, and (3) targeting any learner prior to residency.

Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of Primary Alveolar Bone Grafts for Alveolar Clefts: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Background: Alveolar bone grafting is utilized to manage alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and palate. However, the timing of bone grafting is variable with conflicting evidence supporting the use of primary alveolar bone grafting (PABG) in clinical practice.

Primary Aim: To provide a qualitative systematic review analysis of long-term outcomes after PABG.

Analysis of Narcotic Use in Isolated Facial Fractures: Potential Targets for a Narcotic Reduction Protocol.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients with isolated traumatic facial fractures have high narcotic usage, yet there is a lack of literature delineating this relationship. This study aimed to characterize total amount and factors predictive of narcotic usage following isolated traumatic facial fracture. Study participants (n = 35) were predominantly male (91.

A Study to Evaluate Change in Ventricular Volume Obtained by Cranial Distraction for Craniosynostosis.

Background: The aims of the current analysis were to study the change in ventricular volume (VV) obtained with cranial distraction in patients with craniosynostosis and compare it with the change in total intracranial volume (ICV) and brain volume.

Methods: After institutional review board approval, a retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing cranial distraction over a 5-year period. GE Healthcare AdW 4.

Can Head Circumference Be Used as a Proxy for Intracranial Volume in Patients With Craniosynostosis?

Background: Calculation of intracranial volume from neuroimaging can be complex and time consuming. In the adult population, there is evidence suggesting that owing to its strong correlation, head circumference (HC) may be used as a surrogate for intracranial volume (ICV). We were interested in studying the correlation between HC and ICV in patients with craniosynostosis.

The Relationship of Cognitive Performance and the Theta-Alpha Power Ratio Is Age-Dependent: An EEG Study of Short Term Memory and Reasoning during Task and Resting-State in Healthy Young and Old Adults.

The Theta-Alpha ratio (TAR) is known to differ based upon age and cognitive ability, with pathological electroencephalography (EEG) patterns routinely found within neurodegenerative disorders of older adults. We hypothesized that cognitive ability would predict EEG metrics differently within healthy young and old adults, and that healthy old adults not showing age-expected EEG activity may be more likely to demonstrate cognitive deficits relative to old adults showing these expected changes. In 216 EEG blocks collected in 16 young and 20 old adults during rest (eyes open, eyes closed) and cognitive tasks (short-term memory [STM]; matrix reasoning [RM; Raven's matrices]), models assessed the contributing roles of cognitive ability, age, and task in predicting the TAR.