Investigation of the Spatial Generation of Stimulated Raman Scattering Using Computer Simulation and Experimentation.

Stimulated Raman scattering is a phenomenon with potential use in providing real-time molecular information in three-dimensions (3D) of a sample using imaging. For precise imaging, the knowledge about the spatial generation of stimulated Raman scattering is essential. To investigate the spatial behavior in an idealized case, computer simulations and experiments were performed.

Polarization-resolved dual-view holographic system for 3D inspection of scattering particles.

A novel dual-view polarization-resolved pulsed holographic system for particle measurements is presented. Both dual-view configuration and polarization-resolved registration are well suited for particle holography. Dual-view registration improves the accuracy in the detection of 3D position and velocities, and polarization-resolved registration provides polarization information about individual particles.

Stimulated Raman scattering holography for time-resolved imaging of methane gas.

In this paper, pulsed digital holographic detection is coupled to the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process for imaging gases. A Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (532 nm) has been used to pump methane gas (CH) at pressures up to 12 bars. The frequency-tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser was used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

Stimulated Raman scattering detection for chemically specific time-resolved imaging of gases.

A stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging technique based on spatial modulation of the pump beam has been used to study gases. The SRS gain signal was separated from the Stokes beam background in the spatial frequency domain. The SRS signal shows linear behaviour with the gas pressure at a range from 1.

Stimulated Raman scattering signals recorded by the use of an optical imaging technique.

In this paper, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) signals have been recorded by an optical imaging technique that is based on spatial modulation. A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used to pump a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. The frequency tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser was used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

Light scattering in fibrous media with different degrees of in-plane fiber alignment.

Fiber orientation is an important structural property in paper and other fibrous materials. In this study we explore the relation between light scattering and in-plane fiber orientation in paper sheets. Light diffusion from a focused light source is simulated using a Monte Carlo technique where parameters describing the paper micro-structure were determined from 3D x-ray computed tomography images.

UV laser interaction with a fluorescent dye solution studied using pulsed digital holography.

A frequency tripled Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 355 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) has been used to pump Coumarin 153 dye solved in ethanol. Simultaneously, a frequency doubled pulse (532 nm) from the same laser is used to probe the solvent perpendicularly resulting in a gain through stimulated laser induced fluorescence (LIF) emission. The resulting gain of the probe beam is recorded using digital holography by blending it with a reference beam on the detector.

Photoacoustic holographic imaging of absorbers embedded in silicone.

Light absorbing objects embedded in silicone have been imaged using photoacoustic digital holography. The photoacoustic waves were generated using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, λ=1064  nm, and pulse length=12  ns. When the waves reached the silicone surface, they were measured optically along a line using a scanning laser vibrometer.

Photoacoustic waves generated in blood studied using pulsed digital holography.

We studied photoacoustic waves using pulsed digital holography. The acoustic waves were generated in a reindeer blood target by absorption of an IR laser pulse, lambda=1064 nm and pulse length=12 ns. The acoustic pressure waves were then imaged in water using a second collimated laser pulse at lambda=532 nm 2 micros after the first IR pulse.

Phase errors due to speckles in laser fringe projection.

When measuring a three-dimensional shape with triangulation and projected interference fringes it is of interest to reduce speckle contrast without destroying the coherence of the projected light. A moving aperture is used to suppress the speckles and thereby reduce the phase error in the fringe image. It is shown that the phase error depends linearly on the ratio between the speckle contrast and the modulation of the fringes.

Measurement of spatiotemporal phase statistics in turbulent air flow using high-speed digital holographic interferometry.

We describe a method of measuring spatiotemporal (ST) structure and covariance functions of the phase fluctuations in a collimated light beam propagated through a region of refractive index turbulence. The measurements are performed in a small wind tunnel, in which a turbulent temperature field is created using heated wires at the inlet of the test section. A collimated sheet of light is sent through the channel, and the phase fluctuations across the sheet are measured.

Depth-resolved measurement of phase gradients in a transient phase object field using pulsed digital holography.

A technique to gain depth information from an image-plane digital holographic recording of a transient phase object positioned between a diffuser and an imaging system is demonstrated. The technique produces telecentric reconstructions of the complex amplitude throughout the phase volume using numerical lenses and the complex spectrum formulation of the diffraction integral. The in-plane speckle movements as well as the phase difference between the disturbed field and a reference field are calculated in a finite number of planes using a cross-correlation formulation.

Digital holographic interferometry for simultaneous orthogonal radial vibration measurements along rotating shafts.

A digital holographic interferometry setup used to measure radial vibrations along a rotating shaft is presented. A continuous Nd:YAG laser and a high-speed digital camera are used for recording the holograms. The shaft was polished optically smooth to avoid speckle noise from the rotating surface.

Wiener filtering of interferometry measurements through turbulent air using an exponential forgetting factor.

The problem of imaging through turbulent media has been studied frequently in connection with astronomical imaging and airborne radars. Therefore most image restoration methods encountered in the literature assume a stationary object, e.g.

Pulsed TV Holography Combined with Digital Speckle Photography Restores Lost Interference Phase.

The measuring of situations with optical measuring methods is difficult when a deformation field must be determined while it is superposed to comparatively large rotating or translating object motion. Interferometric methods such as pulsed TV holography might be suitable to measure the small transient deformation, but the often-large bulk motion makes the phase information disappear. However, by a combination of digital speckle photography (DSP) (also called digital image correlation) with pulsed TV holography, such measuring problems can be mastered.

Tomographic reconstruction of transient acoustic fields recorded by pulsed TV holography.

Pulsed TV holography combined with computerized tomography (CT) are used to evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of transient acoustic fields in air. Experiments are performed with an electrical discharge between two electrodes as the sound source. Holograms from several directions of the acoustic field are recorded directly onto a CCD detector by use of a double-pulsed ruby laser as the light source.

An easy-to-use method for detecting fetal hemoglobin--a test to identify bleeding from vasa previa.

Background: Vasa previa is a rare but potentially dangerous fetal condition that may occur during pregnancy. Ideally, all cases such cases are detected antenatally, but many present as late vaginal hemorrhaging. At the current time, there is no test for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in general use.

Investigation of laser percussion hole drilling by use of speckle correlation.

In this paper speckle correlation is introduced as a tool to investigate the heat-influenced area during material processing with laser light. Two materials were investigated, a pure silver sheet and a sheet of SiC-diamond composite. The processing laser used in the experiments was a diode-pumped acousto-optical Q-switched Nd:YAG laser that allowed percussion hole drilling to be performed using green light through a second-harmonic crystal.

Percussion hole drilling of metals with a fourth-harmonic Nd:YAG laser studied by defocused laser speckle correlation.

Defocused speckle correlation is introduced as a tool for measuring the response in metal sheets during percussion laser drilling. For this procedure the fourth-harmonic Nd:YAG wavelength (266 nm) was used in pulsed mode. The method provides a cost-efficient and robust alternative to speckle interferometry for the study of the small deformations that appear during laser processing.

Bending wave propagation in rotating objects measured by pulsed TV holography.

Transient bending waves in a rotating hard disk is measured by means of pulsed TV holography. The speckle motion in the detector plane caused by the rotation is compensated for in the interference phase evaluation. The technique is all electronic and needs no image derotator.

Phase evaluation and speckle averaging in pulsed television holography.

Double-pulsed (image-plane) TV holograms of transient bending waves in plates are recorded on separate frames in a CCD camera. A small angular offset between the reference and object beams, giving a spatial-frequency bias to the recorded pattern, permits quantitative evaluation of the phase of the interference. The Fourier spectrum of the image exhibits distinct parts that can be filtered out and inverse transformed to yield the phase information.