Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Combination of Searches for Higgs Boson Pair Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126-140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.

Studies of the Energy Dependence of Diboson Polarization Fractions and the Radiation-Amplitude-Zero Effect in WZ Production with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents the first study of the energy dependence of diboson polarization fractions in WZ→ℓνℓ^{'}ℓ^{'}(ℓ,ℓ^{'}=e,μ) production. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Two fiducial regions with an enhanced presence of events featuring two longitudinally polarized bosons are defined.

Search for Nearly Mass-Degenerate Higgsinos Using Low-Momentum Mildly Displaced Tracks in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Higgsinos with masses near the electroweak scale can solve the hierarchy problem and provide a dark matter candidate, while detecting them at the LHC remains challenging if their mass splitting is O(1  GeV). This Letter presents a novel search for nearly mass-degenerate Higgsinos in events with an energetic jet, missing transverse momentum, and a low-momentum track with a significant transverse impact parameter using 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment. For the first time since LEP, a range of mass splittings between the lightest charged and neutral Higgsinos from 0.

Impact of P-selectin-PSGL-1 Axis on Platelet-Endothelium-Leukocyte Interactions in Fatal COVID-19.

In critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, early leukocyte recruitment to the respiratory system was found to be orchestrated by leukocyte trafficking molecules accompanied by massive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and hypercoagulability. Our study aimed to explore the interplay between leukocyte activation and pulmonary endothelium in different disease stages of fatal COVID-19. Our study comprised 10 COVID-19 postmortem lung specimens and 20 control lung samples (5 acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2 viral pneumonia, 3 bacterial pneumonia, and 10 normal), which were stained for antigens representing the different steps of leukocyte migration: E-selectin, P-selectin, PSGL-1, ICAM1, VCAM1, and CD11b.

L1-CAM in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinomas and Borderline Tumors: Impact on Tumor Recurrence and Potential Role in Tumor Progression.

Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a rare histotype of primary ovarian carcinoma. Frequent pathogenic molecular alterations include mutations in KRAS , TP53 , and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but without having prognostic relevance. As L1-CAM (cell adhesion molecule) has previously shown prognostic relevance in other epithelial tumors of the female genital tract, we analyzed whether L1-CAM expression affected MOC prognosis.

Comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 receptor proteins in human respiratory tissues identifies alveolar macrophages as potential virus entry site.

Aims: COVID-19 has had enormous consequences on global health-care and has resulted in millions of fatalities. The exact mechanism and site of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the body remains insufficiently understood. Recently, novel virus receptors were identified, and alveolar macrophages were suggested as a potential viral entry cell type and vector for intra-alveolar virus transmission.

Unexpected malignant uterine pathology: Incidence, characteristics and outcome in a large single-center series of hysterectomies for presumed benign uterine disease.

Objective: Hysterectomy is a frequently used therapeutic option for benign gynecological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of unforeseen malignant pathologies of the uterine corpus in a large population-based, single center cohort.

Methods: Patients who underwent hysterectomy for presumed benign conditions between 2003 and 2016 were identified.

CD56 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule) Expression in Ovarian Carcinomas: Association With High-Grade and Advanced Stage But Not With Neuroendocrine Differentiation.

Objective: Neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56) has been proposed as a potential marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinomas, together with synaptophysin and chromogranin A. However, CD56 immunoreactivity by itself can be found in a broad variety of tumors, including ovarian neoplasms. CD56 has recently been suggested as a potential target for antibody-based therapy.

L1CAM: amending the "low-risk" category in endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: Low- and intermediate-risk endometrial carcinomas have an excellent prognosis. Nonetheless, a small subgroup of such patients will experience unexpected relapse. Recently L1CAM was suggested to be a strong prognosticator in endometrial carcinoma.

Beyond the cytoskeleton: The emerging role of organelles and membrane remodeling in the regulation of axon collateral branches.

The generation of axon collateral branches is a fundamental aspect of the development of the nervous system and the response of axons to injury. Although much has been discovered about the signaling pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying branching, additional aspects of the cell biology of axon branching have received less attention. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key factors involved in axon branching.

Combined Immunoscore of CD103 and CD3 Identifies Long-Term Survivors in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: Increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) are associated with improved clinical outcome. Intraepithelial localization of TILs might be regulated by specific homing receptors, such as CD103, which is widely expressed by intraepithelial lymphocytes. Given the emerging role of CD103 TILs, we aimed to assess their contribution to the prognostic value of immunoscoring in HGSC.

Synaptotagmin-1 promotes the formation of axonal filopodia and branches along the developing axons of forebrain neurons.

Synaptotagmin-1 (syt1) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that functions in regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis at the synapse. Syt1 is expressed in many types of neurons well before synaptogenesis begins both in vivo and in vitro. To determine if expression of syt1 has a functional role in neuronal development before synapse formation, we examined the effects of syt1 overexpression and knockdown on the growth and branching of the axons of cultured primary embryonic day 8 chicken forebrain neurons.

The role of nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination in the clonogenic bystander effects of mammalian cells after exposure to counted 10 MeV protons and 4.5 MeV alpha-particles of the PTB microbeam.

We have studied the dependence of clonogenic bystander effects on defects in the pathways of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and on linear energy transfer (LET). The single-ion microbeam of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was used to irradiate parental Chinese hamster ovary cells or derivatives deficient in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) in the G1-phase of the cell cycle. Cell nuclei were targeted with 10 MeV protons (LET = 4.

[Challenge prevention. From curative to preventive medicine-strategic and operational challenges].

The potentials of preventive medicine to reduce the costs of illness have been inadequately exploited to date. Even if there is still massive dissent regarding the legal setup of a prevention law, prevention should play a significantly higher role in practice. Clinicians and practitioners could use preventive medicine as another differentiating factor in the increasingly competitive healthcare field.

Dosimetry with a transportable water calorimeter in neutron, proton and heavy-ion radiation fields.

A compact and transportable water calorimeter has been developed and extensively tested in the intensive, collimated neutron field of the PTB. It has been applied for absorbed dose to water measurements in the neutron therapy field of the University of Essen, in the proton therapy fields of the HMI in Berlin and at the iThemba therapy centre near Cape Town, South Africa, as well as in the (12)C-beam of the therapy facility at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. Absolute dosimetry with relative standard uncertainties of less than 1.

The PTB microbeam: a versatile instrument for radiobiological research.

The PTB microbeam is routinely used for the irradiation of living cells using protons (1-20 MeV) and alpha particles (1-28 MeV). The beam diameter is approximately 2 microm (fwhm), achieved by focussing, resulting in an excellent energy resolution and practically no scattered particles. Recently, an electrostatic beam scanner was added to the facility which allows targeting of each cell within 1 ms.

Absorbed dose to water determination with ionization chamber dosimetry and calorimetry in restricted neutron, photon, proton and heavy-ion radiation fields.

Absolute dose measurements with a transportable water calorimeter and ionization chambers were performed at a water depth of 20 mm in four different types of radiation fields, for a collimated (60)Co photon beam, for a collimated neutron beam with a fluence-averaged mean energy of 5.25 MeV, for collimated proton beams with mean energies of 36 MeV and 182 MeV at the measuring position, and for a (12)C ion beam in a scanned mode with an energy per atomic mass of 430 MeV u(-1). The ionization chambers actually used were calibrated in units of air kerma in the photon reference field of the PTB and in units of absorbed dose to water for a Farmer-type chamber at GSI.

Radiation response of primary human skin fibroblasts and their bystander cells after exposure to counted particles at low and high LET.

Purpose: To investigate the dependence of bystander effects on linear energy transfer (LET) in the low dose region.

Materials And Methods: The single-ion microbeam of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was used to irradiate confluent primary human skin fibroblasts. Cells plated on a special irradiation dish were targeted with 10 MeV protons (LET 4.

Absolute dosimetry in a d(14 MeV) + Be fast neutron beam.

Since 1978, the Universitätsklinikum in Essen operates a d(14 MeV) + Be fast neutron beam for patient treatment. Dosimetric studies were performed in a rectangular 40 x 40 mm2 neutron/photon field using a transportable water calorimeter, which had been developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. The water calorimeter allowed small dosimeters to be directly calibrated in units of absorbed dose-to-water in a cylindrical phantom of 50 mm in diameter.

Transport of a synaptotagmin-YFP fusion protein in sympathetic neurons during early neurite outgrowth in vitro after transfection in vivo.

Developing neurons are engaged in neurite outgrowth as well as the synthesis and transport of proteins involved in synaptic transmission. Very little is known about when transport is established in these rudimentary neurites. We used a novel technique to visualize protein transport during the early hours of neurite outgrowth in culture.

Mutagenic effect of low energy neutrons on human chromosome 11.

Purpose: The shape of the dose-effect curve for neutrons, i.e. the question as to whether the curve is linear or supralinear in the low-dose region, is still not clear.