Uncomplicated pharyngitis due to family transmission of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.

We describe two cases of uncomplicated pharyngitis caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in a family, initially in an immunocompetent adolescent, followed by possible household spread resulting in similar presentations in the patient's parent. Genomic analysis confirmed hvKp from the two cases were genetically identical and typed as K2-ST3252. Nasopharyngeal carriage and respiratory secretion/droplet may play an important yet underrecognized role in the transmission of hvKp.

Butyricimonas paravirosa bacteremia associated with acute terminal ileitis: Case report and literature review.

We present the first described case of bacteremia due to Butyricimonas paravirosa, a commensal gram-negative anaerobic bacterium identified by whole-genome sequencing in an elderly patient with acute terminal ileitis, who was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. We reviewed eleven previous cases of infection due to other Butyricimonas spp, which can cause a range of diseases but may be treated conservatively with a short antimicrobial course in the appropriate clinical setting. Additionally, while most Butyricimonas spp are susceptible to empiric anaerobic therapy, drug resistance has been reported in some cases.

Autologous neutralizing antibody responses after antiretroviral therapy in acute and early HIV-1.

BACKGROUNDEarly antiretroviral therapy initiation (ARTi) in HIV-1 restricts reservoir size and diversity while preserving immune function, potentially improving opportunities for immunotherapeutic cure strategies. For antibody-based cure approaches, the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies (anAbs) after acute/early ARTi is relevant but is poorly understood.METHODSWe characterized antibody responses in a cohort of 23 participants following ARTi in acute HIV (<60 days after acquisition) and early HIV (60-128 days after acquisition).

Tumor-promoting immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the multiple myeloma microenvironment in humans.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous, immature myeloid cell population with the ability to suppress immune responses. MDSCs have been characterized in infections, inflammatory diseases, and solid tumors; however, their presence and role in the tumor-promoting, immune-suppressive microenvironment in hematologic malignancies remains unclear. We assessed the presence, frequency, and functional characteristics of MDSCs in patients with newly diagnosed, relapsed, and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) compared with healthy donors.