Clay hydroxyl isotopes show an enhanced hydrologic cycle during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an abrupt global warming event associated with a large injection of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, as evidenced by a diagnostic carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Evidence also suggests substantial hydrologic perturbations, but details have been hampered by a lack of appropriate proxies. To address this shortcoming, here we isolate and measure the isotopic composition of hydroxyl groups (OH) in clay minerals from a highly expanded PETM section in the North Sea Basin, together with their bulk oxygen isotope composition.

Failure after proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis: a one year analysis of hospital-related healthcare cost.

Purpose: The issue of rising healthcare costs and limited resources is a topic of worldwide discussion over the last several decades. We hypothesized that failure of proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis is presumed to be an important determinant in healthcare resources and related costs. The aim of this study was to calculate the total hospital-related healthcare cost of proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis over one  year focusing on failure.

Osteosynthesis of proximal humeral fractures: a 1-year analysis of failure in a Belgian level-1 trauma centre.

Purpose: Proximal humeral fractures are the third most common fractures affecting the elderly. Angular stable osteosynthesis has become indispensable in the operative treatment. However, surgical fixation remains challenging.

Ethics and lactation consultants: developing knowledge, skills, and tools.

This article studies the role of ethics in the context of the work of International Board Certified Lactation Consultants. It provides an overview of some of the main ethical approaches with the goal of contributing to the knowledge, skills, and tools required by lactation consultants. Five main sections structure the article: background, current literature, ethical theory and principles, implications for lactation consultants, and decision-making frameworks.