The effects of vacancy ordering on diffusion: a statistical study.

In this paper we investigate the interconnection between vacancy-ordered phases and vacancy self-diffusion. Here, we investigate three ordered phases on a square lattice with energetics defined by two separate Hamiltonians. In the first case we used a classical antiferromagnetic Ising model Hamiltonian in order to generate a 'checkerboard' type ordered structure.

Comparing Intubation Success Between Flight Nurses and Flight Paramedics in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services.

Objective: Intubation is a vital skill performed by flight nurses and paramedics. Before flight training, nurses do not routinely intubate and must be trained in proper techniques. Flight paramedics universally train in intubation before flight training and are the primary managers of in-flight airways.

Neuroendovascular Procedures in Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Type IV: Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Review.

Background: Ehlers-Danlos type IV or vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by profound vascular fragility resulting from defective production of type III procollagen. Cerebrovascular diseases including spontaneous dissections, cerebral aneurysms, and cavernous carotid fistulae are common. Endovascular therapies in this patient population are known to be higher risk, although many studies (before 2000) involved older techniques and equipment.

Cultural Differences in Patients' Preferences for Paternalism: Comparing Mexican and American Patients' Preferences for and Experiences with Physician Paternalism and Patient Autonomy.

Following up on previous research demonstrating the high level of care realized by a paternalistic Mexican physician, the present research further explored the hypothesis that there are cultural differences in preferences for and experiences with physician paternalism vs. patient autonomy in White American culture as compared with Mexican culture. In this research, we interviewed sixty (60) people including twenty (20) Mexican, twenty (20) Mexican American, and twenty (20) White American respondents.

Unifying theory of carotid plaque disruption based on structural phenotypes and forces expressed at the lumen/wall interface.

Objectives: To integrate morphological, haemodynamic and mechanical analysis of carotid atheroma driving plaque disruption.

Materials And Methods: First, we analysed the phenotypes of carotid endarterectomy specimens in a photographic dataset A, and matched them with the likelihood of preoperative stroke. Second, laser angioscopy was used to further define the phenotypes in intact specimens (dataset B) and benchmark with histology.

Rapid Automated Analysis of Skull Base Tumor Specimens Using Intraoperative Optical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence.

Background: Accurate specimen analysis of skull base tumors is essential for providing personalized surgical treatment strategies. Intraoperative specimen interpretation can be challenging because of the wide range of skull base pathologies and lack of intraoperative pathology resources.

Objective: To develop an independent and parallel intraoperative workflow that can provide rapid and accurate skull base tumor specimen analysis using label-free optical imaging and artificial intelligence.

Direct Observation of PFIB-Induced Clustering in Precipitation-Strengthened Al Alloys by Atom Probe Tomography.

The effect of sample preparation on a pre-aged Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy has been evaluated using atom probe tomography. Three methods of preparation were investigated: electropolishing (control), Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and Xe+ plasma FIB (PFIB) milling. Ga+-based FIB preparation was shown to introduce significant amount of Ga contamination throughout the reconstructed sample (≈1.

Improved computational method to generate properly equilibrated atomistic microstructures.

Atomistic simulations play an important role in unravelling the fundamental behavior of nanocrystalline (NC) metals/alloys. To ensure the validity of the simulated results, the initial NC structures must be representative of a real material to the extent possible. Using proper equilibration techniques, it must also be ensured that these NC structures reach a state of metastable equilibrium before probing their response.

Clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients older than sixty: An age-based analysis.

Objective: The diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is being made more frequently in elderly patients. The goal of this study is to evaluate complications and clinical outcome in patients ≥ 60 years-old who underwent clipping of UIAs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study.

Stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms: Head to head comparison between the Neuroform Atlas and EZ stents.

Background: The Neuroform Atlas stent is thought to have features allowing for an improved stent delivery system. We aimed to provide a comparison of the Atlas and Neuroform EZ stents in patients treated with stent-assisted coiling.

Methods: Seventy-seven aneurysms treated with the Atlas stent and 77 aneurysms with similar characteristics treated with the EZ stent were retrospectively compared.

Evaluating the role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-specific antibiotic prophylaxis for neurosurgical patients.

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) in neurosurgical patients increases morbidity. Despite the rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, there is little consensus regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for SSI in MRSA-colonized neurosurgical patients. Our objective was to examine the incidence of SSI in MRSA-colonized neurosurgical patients and interrogate whether MRSA-specific antibiotic prophylaxis reduces SSIs.

Seizure Prophylaxis in Unruptured Aneurysm Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (pAEDs) are often prescribed for seizure prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). We aimed to evaluate the benefit of pAEDs in patients undergoing surgical repair of UIAs.

Methods: We randomly assigned eligible patients undergoing surgical repair of UIAs to receive levetiracetam for seven days post-operatively or standard care alone.

The crystal structure and phase stability of the zeta phase in the group VB transition metal carbides: a computational investigation.

The crystal structure and composition of the zeta phase in the group VB transition metal carbides are not completely understood despite decades of experimental studies. As such, the phase rarely appears on phase diagrams of the group VB transition metal carbides. There is currently renewed interest in this phase, as tantalum carbide composites exhibit high fracture toughness in the presence of this phase.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Evaluation of Obliteration and Review of Associated Predictors.

Background: High arteriovenous malformation (AVM) obliteration rates have been reported with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and multiple factors have been found to be associated with AVM obliteration. These predictors have been inconsistent throughout studies. We aimed to analyze our experience with linear accelerator (LINAC)-based SRS for brain AVMs, evaluate outcomes, assess factors associated with AVM obliteration and review the various reported predictors of AVM obliteration.

Late Surgical Start Time and the Effect on Rates of Complications in a Neurosurgical Population: A Prospective Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective: The after-hours effect on postoperative complications has been poorly studied in the neurosurgical literature. A recent retrospective analysis showed that patients with a surgical start time (SST) between 09:01 pm and 07:00 am had a greater risk of complications. This study used a prospective registry to examine the relationship between SST and postoperative complications in a large neurosurgical population.

Near real-time intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis using stimulated Raman histology and deep neural networks.

Intraoperative diagnosis is essential for providing safe and effective care during cancer surgery. The existing workflow for intraoperative diagnosis based on hematoxylin and eosin staining of processed tissue is time, resource and labor intensive. Moreover, interpretation of intraoperative histologic images is dependent on a contracting, unevenly distributed, pathology workforce.

Clinical and experimental aspects of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in care and aneurysm treatment strategies. Cerebral vasospasm continues to be a major source of clinical worsening in patients. We intended to review the clinical and experimental aspects of aSAH and identify strategies that are being evaluated for the treatment of vasospasm.

The Influence of Isoconcentration Surface Selection in Quantitative Outputs from Proximity Histograms.

Isoconcentration surfaces are commonly used to delineate phases in atom probe datasets. These surfaces then provide the spatial and compositional reference for proximity histograms, the number density of particles, and the volume fraction of particles within a multiphase system. This paper discusses the influence of the isoconcentration surface selection value on these quantitative outputs, using a simple oxide dispersive strengthened alloy, Fe91Ni8Zr1, as the case system.

Charge-State Field Evaporation Behavior in Cu(V) Nanocrystalline Alloys.

Atom probe tomography (APT) of a nanocrystalline Cu-7 at.% V thin film annealed at 400°C for 1 h revealed chemical partitioning in the form of solute segregation. The vanadium precipitated along high angle grain boundaries and at triple junctions, determined by cross-correlative precession electron diffraction of the APT specimen.