Scalp and Forehead Injury: Management of Acute and Secondary Defects.

The primary challenges in scalp reconstruction are the relative inelasticity of native scalp tissue and the convex shape of the calvarium. All rungs of the reconstructive ladder can be applied to scalp reconstruction, albeit in a nuanced fashion due to the unique anatomy and vascular supply to the scalp. Important defect variables to incorporate into the reconstructive decision include site, potential hairline distortion, size, depth, concomitant infection, prior radiation therapy, planned adjuvant therapy, medical comorbidities, patient desires, and potential calvarium and dura defects.

Management of pembrolizumab-induced steroid refractory mucositis with infliximab: A case report.

Background: Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) that was shown to have a tolerable safety profile with 17% of grade 3-4 drug-related adverse events, notable response rate of 16% with median duration of response of 8 mo, and median overall survival of 8 mo. Severe mucositis is a very rare complication with only two cases of grade 4 mucositis reported, and both cases had good response to intravenous methylprednisolone and subsequent oral prednisone tapering. We report the first case of pembrolizumab-induced severe mucositis that was refractory to steroid treatment.

Shrinkage in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An analysis of tumor and margin measurements in vivo, post-resection, and post-formalin fixation.

Purpose: To quantify changes in tumor size and tumor-free margins following surgical resection and formalin fixation of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients were studied via cohort design. Between May and December 2011, measurements of tumor size and tumor-free margin were made in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid, presenting like anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Metastasis of uterine cancer to the head and neck is extremely rare. We report what we believe to be the first documented case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the thyroid gland. An 80-year-old woman was referred to the otolaryngology service with a rapidly growing neck mass.

The thyroid foramen: a case report and literature review of a largely unrecognized laryngeal anomaly.

A thyroid foramen is a congenital linear opening located in the lamina of the posterosuperior portion of the thyroid cartilage. Although its overall incidence is reported to be as high as 39%, few practitioners are aware of its existence. We report the case of a 19-year-old man who was involved in a motor vehicle accident.

Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a review.

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) has become recognized as a distinct, though relatively infrequent, clinical pathology that occurs in multiple sites throughout the head and neck. Excluding cases that are considered to arise from skin, SCC in the head and neck has been found to develop in nearly all structures associated with the upper aerodigestive tract. Among the head and neck sites, the frequency of SCC is greatest in the larynx, with salivary glands and the sinonasal region comprising the other principle areas of origin.

Periorbital reconstruction: brows and eyelids.

The eyes and periorbital structures are principle components of the upper region of the face. A thorough understanding of orbital and periorbital anatomy and function is important for anyone wishing to perform reconstructive surgery in this region. This article discusses the unique challenges presented to the surgeon when performing reconstruction of the eyelids and periorbital structures.

Auricular reconstruction: an update.

Purpose Of Review: One of the greatest challenges in facial plastic surgery is total auricular reconstruction. The ability to construct a fully satisfactory complete external ear has for centuries been an elusive goal. With advancing standards and expectations in plastic surgery, greater focus is being directed to this arena of reconstruction as well.