Theoretical Investigation of Linear Relationships between the Dihedral Torsion Angles and Diosmium Bond Distances in Diosmium Sawhorse Complexes.

Strong linear relationships between their C-Os-Os-C dihedral angles and their Os-Os bond distances in diosmium sawhorse complexes Os(u-OCR)(CO)L (L = CO and/or PR) form two trendlines depending upon the presence or absence of terminal phosphines. These trends appear unrelated to the basicity of the bridging ligand or the number of phosphines. The mathematical derivation of the relationship between the O-Os-Os-O dihedral angle and the Os-Os bond distance shows how the other geometric parameters affect this relationship.

Lessons Learned from the Design, Construction, and Commissioning of a Retrofitted Arthropod Containment Level 3 Insectary.

Arthropods are vectors for many pathogens that significantly harm human and animal health globally, and research into vector-borne diseases is of critical public health importance. Arthropods present unique risks for containment, and therefore insectary facilities are essential to the safe handling of arthropod-borne hazards. In 2018, the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University (ASU) began the process to build a level 3 arthropod containment (ACL-3) facility.

Biosafety Practices When Working with Bats: A Guide to Field Research Considerations.

Introduction: Field work with bats is an important contribution to many areas of research in environmental biology and ecology, as well as microbiology. Work with bats poses hazards such as bites and scratches, and the potential for exposure to infectious pathogens such as rabies virus. It also exposes researchers to many other potential hazards inherent to field work, such as environmental conditions, delayed emergency responses, or challenging work conditions.

Identifying Barriers to Enrollment in Patient Pregnancy Registries: Building Evidence Through Crowdsourcing.

Background: Enrollment in pregnancy registries is challenging despite substantial awareness-raising activities, generally resulting in low recruitment owing to limited safety data. Understanding patient and physician awareness of and attitudes toward pregnancy registries is needed to facilitate enrollment. Crowdsourcing, in which services, ideas, or content are obtained by soliciting contributions from a large group of people using web-based platforms, has shown promise for improving patient engagement and obtaining patient insights.

Kinetic and Computational Analysis of CO Substitution in a Dinuclear Osmium Carbonyl Complex: Intersection between Dissociative and Dissociative-Interchange Mechanisms.

The mechanism for the CO substitution reaction involving the diosmium carbonyl sawhorse complex Os(μ-OCH)(CO), which contains an Os-Os single bond, two axial CO ligands, and four equatorial CO ligands, was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Kinetic measurements show CO axial substitution proceeding by a dissociative reaction that is first-order in the complex and zero-order in CO but with an unexpectedly negative entropy of activation. The corresponding electronic structure calculations yield an enthalpy of activation for axial CO dissociation that is much larger than that determined by the kinetic experiments, but in agreement with the complex's stability with respect to CO loss.

5-HT receptor agonist attenuates cocaine self-administration after protracted abstinence and relapse in rats.

Background: The 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) agonist, CP94253, enhances cocaine intake during maintenance of self-administration (SA) but attenuates intake after 21 days of forced abstinence in male rats.

Aims: We examined whether CP94253 attenuates cocaine intake in female rats after a period of abstinence, and if these attenuating effects persist or revert to enhancing cocaine intake during resumption (i.e.

microRNA regulation related to the protective effects of environmental enrichment against cocaine-seeking behavior.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are "master post-transcriptional regulators" of gene expression. Here we investigate miRNAs involved in the incentive motivation for cocaine elicited by exposure to cocaine-associated cues.

Methods: We conducted NanoString nCounter analyses of microRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell of male rats that had been tested for cue reactivity in a previous study.

Developing Crowdsourced Training Data Sets for Pharmacovigilance Intelligent Automation.

Introduction: Machine learning offers an alluring solution to developing automated approaches to the increasing individual case safety report burden being placed upon pharmacovigilance. Leveraging crowdsourcing to annotate unstructured data may provide accurate, efficient, and contemporaneous training data sets in support of machine learning.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether crowdsourcing can be used to accurately and efficiently develop training data sets in support of pharmacovigilance automation.

Bis(μ-adamantane-1,3-di-carboxyl-ato-1κ :2κ :3κ :4κ )octa-carbonyl-1κ ,2κ ,3κ ,4κ -tetra-kis-[tris-(4-methyl-phen-yl)phosphane]-1κ,2κ,3κ,4κ-tetra-osmium(I)(2 -).

The title complex, [{Os(CO)(CHP)}(CHO)], is a centrosymmetric mol-ecular loop consisting of two Os-Os sawhorse units linked by two adamantane di-carboxyl-ato bridges. It was synthesized by the microwave-mediated reaction between Os(CO) and adamantane-1,3-di-carb-oxy-lic acid. In contrast to the related complex [{Os(CO)}(μ-adamantane-1,3-di-acetate)], the metal-metal axes within each mol-ecule are oriented parallel rather than perpendicular to one another.

The Long-Acting D3 Partial Agonist MC-25-41 Attenuates Motivation for Cocaine in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

The dopamine D3 receptor is a prime target for developing treatments for cocaine use disorders (CUDs). In this study, we conducted a pre-clinical investigation of the therapeutic potential of a long-acting, D3 receptor partial agonist, MC-25-41. Male rats were pre-treated with MC-25-41 (vehicle, 1.

1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3-Octa-carbonyl-1,1,2,3-tetra-kis-(1,3,5-tri-aza-7-phosphatri-cyclo-[3.3.1.1]decane-κ)--triosmium(0).

The title compound, [Os(CHNP)(CO)], crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group with = 8. The mol-ecule consists of a triangular triosmium(0) core surrounded by eight carbonyl ligands and four 1,3,5-tri-aza-7-phosphatri-cyclo-[3.3.

Environmental enrichment during forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration opposes gene network expression changes associated with the incubation effect.

Environmental enrichment (EE) is a robust intervention for reducing cocaine-seeking behaviors in animals when given during forced abstinence. However, the mechanisms that underlie these effects are not well-established. We investigated the adult male rat transcriptome using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) following differential housing during forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration for either 1 or 21 days.

Nicotine reduction does not alter essential value of nicotine or reduce cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.

Reduction of nicotine content in tobacco products is a regulatory control strategy intended to decrease smoking dependence, and is hypothesized to produce gradual reductions of nicotine intake. Rats were initially trained to self-administer 0.06 mg/kg/infusion nicotine (Phase 1), which was followed by a threshold procedure to determine nicotine demand via a behavioral economics (BE) paradigm (Phase 2).

5-Methyl-4-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-1-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-phenyl-1-pyrazol-3(2)-one.

The title compound, CHNO, known as bis-pyrazolone, was crystallized from dimethyl sulfoxide. The structure has ortho-rhom-bic () symmetry at 150 K, and displays both intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding through C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O contacts, respectively. None of the phenyl and pyrazolone rings in the mol-ecule are coplanar.

Recommendations for the Use of Social Media in Pharmacovigilance: Lessons from IMI WEB-RADR.

Over a period of 3 years, the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative WEB-RADR project has explored the value of social media (i.e., information exchanged through the internet, typically via online social networks) for identifying adverse events as well as for safety signal detection.

Accumbens neuroimmune signaling and dysregulation of astrocytic glutamate transport underlie conditioned nicotine-seeking behavior.

Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to restore these proteins in a rodent model of drug addiction and relapse. However, the specific molecular mechanisms driving its inhibitory effects on cue-induced nicotine reinstatement are unknown.

Economic demand analysis of within-session dose-reduction during nicotine self-administration.

Background: This study determined if a within-session dose-reduction design sufficiently captures elasticity of demand for nicotine in male and female rats using environmental enrichment to manipulate demand elasticity.

Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (60 μg/kg/infusion). In Experiment 1, rats began daily dose-reduction for nine sessions following acquisition.

Asymmetric diosmium sawhorse complexes.

Three asymmetric diosmium(I) carbonyl sawhorse complexes have been prepared by microwave heating. One of these complexes is of the type Os(μ-OCR)(μ-OCR')(CO)L, with two different bridging carboxylate ligands, while the other two complexes are of the type Os(μ-OCR)(CO)L, with one axial CO ligand and one axial phosphane ligand. The mixed carboxylate complex Os(μ-acetate)(μ-propionate)(CO)[P(p-tolyl)], (1), was prepared by heating Os(CO) with a mixture of acetic and propionic acids, isolating Os(μ-acetate)(μ-propionate)(CO), and then replacing two CO ligands with two phosphane ligands.

N-acetylcysteine yields sex-specific efficacy for cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.

Women report greater craving during certain phases of the menstrual cycle. As well, research indicates that pharmacotherapies for smoking may be less efficacious in women compared with men, which may be due to interactions with natural fluctuations in ovarian hormone levels. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a glutamatergic compound that has shown some efficacy in treating substance use disorders and aids in the prevention of relapse.

Chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine decreases extinction responding and reduces cue-induced nicotine-seeking.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising glutamatergic therapeutic agent, has shown some clinical efficacy in reducing nicotine use in humans and has been shown to reverse drug-induced changes in glutamatergic neurophysiology. In rats, nicotine-seeking behavior is associated with alterations in glutamatergic plasticity within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). Specifically, cue-induced nicotine-seeking is associated with rapid, transient synaptic plasticity (t-SP) in glutamatergic synapses on NAcore medium spiny neurons.

Dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist LS-3-134 attenuates cocaine-motivated behaviors.

Aims: The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a pharmacotherapeutic target for drug dependence. We have successfully imaged human D3Rs using radiolabeled LS-3-134, an arylamide phenylpiperazine with moderate selectivity for the D3R over D2R and low efficacy at the D2 and D3R. In this study, we screened for effects of LS-3-134 as a potential anti-cocaine therapeutic.