EYA-1 is required for genomic integrity independent of H2AX signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Background: Resolving genomic insults is essential for the survival of any species. In the case of eukaryotes, several pathways comprise the DNA damage repair network, and many components have high evolutionary conservation. These pathways ensure that DNA damage is resolved which prevents disease associated mutations from occurring in a de novo manner.

Oogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Background: The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans has proven itself as a valuable model for investigating metazoan biology. C. elegans have a transparent body, an invariant cell lineage, and a high level of genetic conservation which makes it a desirable model organism.

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Variations in Self-Identified Muscle Builders Who Report Using Protein Supplements.

Muscle builders frequently consume protein supplements, but little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota. This study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of self-identified muscle builders who did or did not report consuming a protein supplement. Twenty-two participants (14 males and 8 females) consumed a protein supplement (PS), and seventeen participants (12 males and 5 females) did not (No PS).

Zinc transporters maintain longevity by influencing insulin/IGF-1 activity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Adequate dietary intake of essential metals such as zinc is important for maintaining homeostasis. Abnormal zinc intake in Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to increase or decrease normal lifespan by influencing the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. Distribution of zinc is achieved by a family of highly conserved zinc transport proteins (ZIPT in C.

GCNA Interacts with Spartan and Topoisomerase II to Regulate Genome Stability.

GCNA proteins are expressed across eukarya in pluripotent cells and have conserved functions in fertility. GCNA homologs Spartan (DVC-1) and Wss1 resolve DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), including Topoisomerase-DNA adducts, during DNA replication. Here, we show that GCNA mutants in mouse and C.

The TRIM-NHL protein NHL-2 is a co-factor in the nuclear and somatic RNAi pathways in . e.

Proper regulation of germline gene expression is essential for fertility and maintaining species integrity. In the germline, a diverse repertoire of regulatory pathways promote the expression of endogenous germline genes and limit the expression of deleterious transcripts to maintain genome homeostasis. Here we show that the conserved TRIM-NHL protein, NHL-2, plays an essential role in the germline, modulating germline chromatin and meiotic chromosome organization.

Exploring Potential Germline-Associated Roles of the TRIM-NHL Protein NHL-2 Through RNAi Screening.

TRIM-NHL proteins are highly conserved regulators of developmental pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates. The TRIM-NHL family member NHL-2 in functions as a miRNA cofactor to regulate developmental timing. Similar regulatory roles have been reported in other model systems, with the mammalian ortholog in mice, TRIM32, contributing to muscle and neuronal cell proliferation via miRNA activity.

atz-1 Influences meiosis to maintain germline chromosomal stability in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Exchange of genetic information during meiosis occurs in all sexually reproducing species to produce haploid gametes from diploid cells. This process involves tight coordination of a meiotic specific cohesin complex, the synaptonemal complex, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. In this study, we describe a putative myosin heavy chain protein orthologous to human myosin 1, F28D1.

MicroRNAs: Not "Fine-Tuners" but Key Regulators of Neuronal Development and Function.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that operate as prominent post-transcriptional regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. miRNAs are abundantly expressed in the brain of most animals and exert diverse roles. The anatomical and functional complexity of the brain requires the precise coordination of multilayered gene regulatory networks.

Comparative high-throughput RNAi screening methodologies in C. elegans and mammalian cells.

The discovery of RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans has generated a paradigm shift in how research is performed. Targeted gene knockdown using high throughput screening approaches is becoming a routine feature of the scientific landscape, and researchers can now evaluate the function of each gene in the genome in a relatively short period of time. This review compares and contrasts high throughput screening methodologies in C.