A species specific metabolism leading to male rat reprotoxicity of Cyclamen aldehyde: in vivo and in vitro evaluation.

Cyclamen aldehyde (CA; 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal) is a widely used fragrance material. Repeated dose studies in rats revealed adverse effects on sperm maturation. Here we review all the mechanistic and in vivo evidence, to determine relevancy to human health.

Benzoyl-CoA conjugate accumulation as an initiating event for male reprotoxic effects in the rat? Structure-activity analysis, species specificity, and in vivo relevance.

A number of para-substituted benzoic acids (p-BA) and chemicals metabolized to p-BA have been found to confer adverse effects in male rats on sperm viability, motility, and morphology. These effects are putatively associated with the metabolism of p-BA to toxic intermediates. We had shown that p-BA lead to accumulation of high levels of p-alkyl-benzoyl-CoA conjugates in plated primary rat hepatocytes.

Development of allergic antibody to an enzyme in a body lotion: results of an 18-month clinical study.

Use of enzymes in cosmetic products is novel and the safety of these products is not well understood. The safety of a prototype enzyme-containing body moisturizer lotion was tested via measures of skin compatibility and potential to induce protease-specific IgE antibody in a clinical study. Female, atopic subjects (n = 1,100) used body lotion containing 100 ppm protease (Y217L BPN') for 5 consecutive days per month, for 18 months.