SBAR M&M: a feasible, reliable, and valid tool to assess the quality of, surgical morbidity and mortality conference presentations.

Background: The Surgical Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conference is considered the golden hour of surgical education. However, evaluation methods for ensuring that quality M&M presentations efficiently contribute to resident education have not been clearly defined. To provide surgical trainees with the skills required to present a quality M&M presentation it is essential to have a robust tool to measure presentation skill and guide formative feedback.

Pediatric residency education: is sports medicine getting its fair share?

Introduction: Sports are the leading injury-related cause for pediatric primary care visits. Pediatric residency education guidelines suggest incorporating sports medicine (SM) education into curricula; however, research is lacking regarding effective teaching methods.

Objective: To assess reported US pediatric residency SM curricula, teaching methods, and resident evaluation of SM education.

Treating and avoiding herpes and tinea infections in contact sports.

Sports that require skin-to-skin contact between competitors, such as wrestling, create environments where infections can spread. Skin screening checks are made before any wrestling competition, but this usually doesn't happen with other sports. Two of the most common skin infections are herpes gladiatorum (caused by the same virus that causes cold sores) and tinea gladiatorum, also known as ringworm (caused by a fungus).

Herpes and tinea in wrestling: managing outbreaks, knowing when to disqualify.

The two most troublesome skin infections in wrestlers are herpes gladiatorum and tinea gladiatorum. Determining whether athletes should or should not be disqualified from practice or competition because of these infections requires some expertise. Recommendations are presented to assist the practitioner in the care of these conditions in wrestlers and other athletes who have frequent skin-to-skin contact.

Training issues in elite young athletes.

Over the past decade, there has been a surge in the number of sports opportunities available to young athletes. Although physicians, parents, and coaches should promote healthy activity and participation, intense training at a young age can predispose exuberant young athletes to certain difficulties. Elite young athletes are at risk for overuse and growth plate injuries in certain sports.

Hydration testing in collegiate wrestlers undergoing hypertonic dehydration.

Unlabelled: Because dehydration (DEH) violates assumptions used in the assessment of body composition, hydration testing has become an integral part of minimal weight (MW) assessment.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of hydration tests for the detection and quantification of hypertonic DEH.

Methods: Twenty-five male collegiate wrestlers (mean +/- SD, age: 20.

The effect of dehydration on wrestling minimum weight assessment.

Unlabelled: Given that some wrestlers arrive for minimum weight (MW) testing in a dehydrated condition, it is important to understand the effects of dehydration on MW assessment methods.

Purpose: To determine the effect of dehydration on the assessment of MW by three-site skinfolds with the Lohman formula (SF), leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) compared with a four-component (4C) criterion.

Methods: Twenty-two male collegiate wrestlers (mean +/- SD, age: 19.

Prevention of pediatric sports injuries.

With over 30 million children participating in sports each year across the United States, a number of significant injuries are to be expected. Although mild injuries such as strains, sprains, and contusions predominate, catastrophic injuries do occur. Young athletes are at an increased risk for growth plate and apophyseal injuries, overuse injuries, and heat illness.

Central nervous system trauma management of concussions in athletes.

The care of athletes with concussions is challenging because each patient has different symptoms. An athlete should never be returned to play until completely asymptomatic. Classification systems for concussions are not based on scientific evidence and represent some practitioners' best guess at what is safe for young athletes.

Chest Pain in Active Young People.

In brief Chest pain in children and adolescents is usually benign and noncardiac, unlike that in adults. Some of the more common causes are activity related, such as chest wall trauma and exercise-induced asthma. A careful history and physical examination will often provide a diagnosis, though about one third of causes are idiopathic.