Does Total Turbinectomy Always Lead to Empty Nose Syndrome? A Computational Virtual Surgery Study.

Introduction: Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling has previously indicated that distorted nasal airflow patterns may contribute to empty nose syndrome (ENS); however, no data show that aggressive turbinate surgery always leads to ENS. We aim to use virtual surgery planning (VSP) to investigate how a total inferior turbinectomy affects airflow parameters compared with ENS patients.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited six nasal obstruction patients who underwent turbinate reduction surgery.

Variability in Manual Segmentation of Temporal Bone Structures in Cone Beam CT Images.

Purpose: Manual segmentation of anatomical structures is the accepted "gold standard" for labeling structures in clinical images. However, the variability in manual segmentation of temporal bone structures in CBCT images of the temporal bone has not been systematically evaluated using multiple reviewers. Therefore, we evaluated the intravariability and intervariability of manual segmentation of inner ear structures in CBCT images of the temporal bone.

Post-operative evaluation of computed tomography imaging following cochlear implantation.

Purpose: This study utilized an automated segmentation algorithm to assess the cochlear implant electrode array within the cochlea and investigate its impact on audiologic outcomes as measured by post-operative speech perception scores. Furthermore, manual evaluations of electrode placement were compared to automatic segmentation methods to determine their accuracy in predicting post-operative audiologic outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted at a tertiary care referral center involving adult post-lingually deafened cochlear implant recipients implanted from 2015 to 2019.

Further Validity Evidence for Patient-Specific Virtual Reality Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation.

Objective: Patient-specific virtual reality (VR) simulation of cochlear implant (CI) surgery potentially enables preoperative rehearsal and planning. We aim to gather supporting validity evidence for patient-specific simulation through the analysis of virtual performance and comparison with postoperative imaging.

Methods: Prospective, multi-institutional study.

Pipeline for Automated Processing of Clinical Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Patient-Specific Temporal Bone Simulation: Validation and Clinical Feasibility.

Objective: Patient-specific simulation allows the surgeon to plan and rehearse the surgical approach ahead of time. Preoperative clinical imaging for this purpose requires time-consuming manual processing and segmentation of landmarks such as the facial nerve. We aimed to evaluate an automated pipeline with minimal manual interaction for processing clinical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) temporal bone imaging for patient-specific virtual reality (VR) simulation.

Multi-Institutional Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes of Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion.

Objective: To explore patient-reported outcome measures of pediatric paradoxical vocal fold motion through a multi-institutional study of geographically diverse United States medical facilities to assess long-term management and outcomes.

Methods: Eligible participants >8 years of age diagnosed with PVFM over a 10-year period from 7 tertiary pediatric hospitals were invited to complete a survey addressing study objectives.

Results: 65 participants completed the survey, of whom 80% were female, 75% reported a 3.

Automated Calculation of Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion Parameters in Clinical Cone-Beam CT.

Hypothesis: Automated processing of postoperative clinical cone-beam CT (CBCT) of cochlear implant (CI) patients can be used to accurately determine electrode contacts and integrated with an atlas-based mapping of cochlear microstructures to calculate modiolar distance, angular insertion distance, and scalar location of electrode contacts.

Background: Hearing outcomes after CI surgery are dependent on electrode placement. CBCT is increasingly used for in-office temporal bone imaging and might be routinely used for pre- and post-surgical evaluation.

Patient-specific Virtual Temporal Bone Simulation Based on Clinical Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Objectives: Patient-specific surgical simulation allows presurgical planning through three-dimensional (3D) visualization and virtual rehearsal. Virtual reality simulation for otologic surgery can be based on high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to evaluate clinicians' experience with patient-specific simulation of mastoid surgery.

Atlas-based segmentation of cochlear microstructures in cone beam CT.

Purpose: To develop an automated segmentation approach for cochlear microstructures [scala tympani (ST), scala vestibuli (SV), modiolus (Mod), mid-modiolus (Mid-Mod), and round window membrane (RW)] in clinical cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the temporal bone for use in surgical simulation software and for preoperative surgical evaluation.

Methods: This approach was developed using the publicly available OpenEar (OE) Library that includes temporal bone specimens with spatially registered CBCT and 3D micro-slicing images. Five of these datasets were spatially aligned to our internal OSU atlas.

Segmentation of Temporal Bone Anatomy for Patient-Specific Virtual Reality Simulation.

Objectives: Virtual reality (VR) simulation for patient-specific pre-surgical planning and rehearsal requires accurate segmentation of key surgical landmark structures such as the facial nerve, ossicles, and cochlea. The aim of this study was to explore different approaches to segmentation of temporal bone surgical anatomy for patient-specific VR simulation.

Methods: De-identified, clinical computed tomography imaging of 9 pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years were obtained retrospectively.

Multi-institutional Comparison of Temporal Bone Models: A Collaboration of the AAO-HNSF 3D-Printed Temporal Bone Working Group.

Objective: The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation's (AAO-HNSF's) 3D-Printed Temporal Bone Working Group was formed with the goal of sharing information and experience relating to the development of 3D-printed temporal bone models. The group conducted a multi-institutional study to directly compare several recently developed models.

Study Design: Expert opinion survey.

SimTube: A National Simulation Training and Research Project.

Objective: To test the feasibility and impact of a simulation training program for myringotomy and tube (M&T) placement.

Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled.

Setting: Multi-institutional.

A review of simulation applications in temporal bone surgery.

Background: Temporal bone surgery is a technically challenging and high-risk procedure in an anatomically complex area. Safe temporal bone surgery emphasizes a consummate anatomic understanding and technique development that requires the guidance of an experienced otologic surgeon and years of practice. Temporal bone simulation can augment otologic surgical training and enable rehearsal of surgical procedures.

Pediatric nasopharyngeal fibrolipoma: A case report and review of the literature.

A 3-year-old female presented for evaluation of progressive snoring since birth. MRI revealed a fatty-appearing mass measuring 2.4 cm × 1.

Atlas-based segmentation of temporal bone surface structures.

Purpose: To develop a time-efficient automated segmentation approach that could identify surface structures on the temporal bone for use in surgical simulation software and preoperative surgical training.

Methods: An atlas-based segmentation approach was developed to segment the tegmen, sigmoid sulcus, exterior auditory canal, interior auditory canal, and posterior canal wall in normal temporal bone CT images. This approach was tested in images of 20 cadaver bones (10 left, 10 right).

Effects of surgical lesions on choline acetyltransferase activity in the cat cochlea.

Although it is well established that the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis) in the mammalian cochlea is associated with its olivocochlear innervation, the distribution of this innervation in the cochlea varies somewhat among mammalian species. The quantitative distribution of ChAT activity in the cochlea has been reported for guinea pigs and rats. The present study reports the distribution of ChAT activity within the organ of Corti among the three turns of the cat cochlea and the effects of removing olivocochlear innervation either by a lateral cut aimed to totally transect the left olivocochlear bundle or a more medial cut additionally damaging the superior olivary complex on the same side.

Atlas-Based Segmentation of Temporal Bone Anatomy.

Purpose: To develop a time-efficient automated segmentation approach that could identify critical structures in the temporal bone for visual enhancement and use in surgical simulation software.

Methods: An atlas-based segmentation approach was developed to segment the cochlea, ossicles, semicircular canals (SCCs), and facial nerve in normal temporal bone CT images. This approach was tested in images of 26 cadaver bones (13 left, 13 right).

Otologic Skills Training.

This article presents a summary of the current simulation training for otologic skills. There is a wide variety of educational approaches, assessment tools, and simulators in use, including simple low-cost task trainers to complex computer-based virtual reality systems. A systematic approach to otologic skills training using adult learning theory concepts, such as repeated and distributed practice, self-directed learning, and mastery learning, is necessary for these educational interventions to be effective.

Performance Assessment for Mastoidectomy.

Objective The aim of this report is to provide a review of the current literature for assessment of performance for mastoidectomy, to identify the current assessment tools available in the literature, and to summarize the evidence for their validity. Data Sources The MEDLINE database was accessed via PubMed. Review Methods Inclusion criteria consisted of English-language published articles that reported use of a mastoidectomy performance assessment tool.

Integration of high-resolution data for temporal bone surgical simulations.

Purpose: To report on the state of the art in obtaining high-resolution 3D data of the microanatomy of the temporal bone and to process that data for integration into a surgical simulator. Specifically, we report on our experience in this area and discuss the issues involved to further the field.

Data Sources: Current temporal bone image acquisition and image processing established in the literature as well as in house methodological development.

Preoperative preparation for otologic surgery: temporal bone simulation.

Purpose Of Review: The field of temporal bone simulation (TBS) has largely focused on the development and validation of simulators as training and assessment tools. As technology has progressed over the years, researchers have, however, envisioned new clinical applications for simulators extending to preoperative surgical planning and case rehearsal. The purpose of this article was to review the current state of the art in TBS and to highlight recent advancements in the field.

Simulation Activity in Otolaryngology Residencies.

Objectives: Simulation has become a valuable tool in medical education, and several specialties accept or require simulation as a resource for resident training or assessment as well as for board certification or maintenance of certification. This study investigates current simulation resources and activities in US otolaryngology residency programs and examines interest in advancing simulation training and assessment within the specialty.

Study Design: Web-based survey.

Plastic bronchitis arising from solitary influenza B infection: A report of two cases in children.

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is characterized by thick, inspissated, tracheobronchial casts. It is classified as either inflammatory or acellular based on the content of the endobronchial casts. PB has never been reported in a healthy child with solitary influenza B infection.