Medicaid and privately financed orthodontic patients have similar occlusal and psychosocial outcomes.

Objective: This study compares occlusal and psychosocial outcomes from comprehensive orthodontic treatment in Medicaid (MC) and privately financed (private pay, PP) patients.

Methods: Two cohorts received comprehensive orthodontics: MC (n = 66); PP (n = 60). A calibrated, blinded examiner scored dental casts at baseline (pretreatment, T1) and after completing 2 years of treatment (posttreatment, T2) using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON).

Dental effects of interceptive orthodontic treatment in a Medicaid population: interim results from a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: There are disparities in access to orthodontic treatment for children from low-income families. Systematic programs of limited-care interceptive and preventive orthodontics have been proposed as a solution. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare dental outcomes and funding eligibility from a group of Medicaid patients randomized to receive interceptive orthodontics (IO) in the mixed dentition or observation (OBS).

Cephalometric and electromyographic study of patients of East African ethnicity with and without anterior open bite.

Introduction: A review of the literature showed that there are disturbances of muscle activity and tongue function in patients with anterior open bite (AOB). However, most studies have had white subjects, even though open bite is more prevalent in black populations. In this pilot study, we examined jaw muscle activity and tongue pressure in East African black subjects.

Effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic treatment in reducing malocclusions.

Introduction: In this retrospective cohort study of the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic treatment, we compared patients receiving interceptive orthodontic treatment with untreated control subjects.

Methods: Models were scored by using the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). Control models (n = 113) were archival and were selected based on malocclusion in the early mixed dentition and no orthodontic treatment during the subsequent 2 years.

Effects of malocclusion and its treatment on the quality of life of adolescents.

Introduction: The relationship between malocclusion and quality of life (QoL) is complex and not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether malocclusion and its treatment influence an adolescent's general and oral health-related QoL.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional design with a longitudinal component was used.

Comparison of arch dimension changes in 1-phase vs 2-phase treatment of Class II malocclusion.

Introduction: We compared arch dimension changes in 1-phase and 2-phase treatment of Class II malocclusion. This was a prospective randomized clinical trial conducted in the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida between 1990 and 2003.

Methods: During phase 1 treatment, 86 subjects were treated with a bionator, 93 were treated with headgear/biteplane, and 81 served as the observation group.

Effect of early treatment on stability of occlusion in patients with Class II malocclusion.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of early treatment on the stability of occlusion in patients with Class II malocclusions. The peer assessment rating (PAR) index was used to evaluate changes in occlusion after treatment of subjects treated in 1 phase or 2 phases. This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment.

Introduction: Previous studies reported small but significant skeletal changes as a result of early treatment of Class II malocclusion with headgear and functional appliances. In this study, we report on the skeletal changes for 1-phase and 2-phase treatment of Class II malocclusion.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized clinical trial conducted sy the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida between 1990 and 2000.

Effects of human relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal ligaments in rats.

Introduction: The rate-limiting step in orthodontic treatment is often the rapidity with which teeth move. Using biological agents to modify the rate of tooth movement has been shown to be effective in animals. Relaxin is a hormone present in both males and females.

Assessment of cell proliferation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the maturing rat.

Introduction: The cellular mechanisms controlling distraction osteogenesis are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cell proliferation in the regulation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Methods: Unilateral mandibular ramus osteotomies were performed on 125 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats.

Early orthodontic treatment as a means to increase access for children enrolled in Medicaid in Washington state.

Background: The authors assessed the likelihood that interceptive orthodontic Medicaid programs would increase access to care for Washington children.

Methods: The authors surveyed 210 Washington state orthodontists, including questions on demographics, attitudes toward early treatment, use of innovations and perceptions of Medicaid. Respondents were either Medicaid participants or nonparticipants.

Eligibility for publicly funded orthodontic treatment determined by the handicapping labiolingual deviation index.

Introduction: Access to orthodontic care for Medicaid patients has been limited, in part because of orthodontists' reluctance to treat severe malocclusions for low reimbursements. Limited orthodontic treatment in the mixed dentition (phase 1 treatment) has been proposed to address this issue, because the intent of phase 1 treatment is to improve or prevent severe malocclusions. Orthodontists might be more willing to provide shorter, simpler treatment.

Occlusal perceptions of children seeking orthodontic treatment: impact of ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: With the growth of orthodontic intervention at younger ages and increased interest in improving dentofacial appearance among the general public, it is important to assess whether demand for treatment is uniform across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

Methods: This study compared 3 groups of children who varied by location, payment source, and ethnicity. The sample consisted of 150 children in the Bronx, NY, and 100 in Seattle, Wash, who were undergoing or anticipating orthodontic treatment in publicly funded dental clinics.

Does human relaxin accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in rats?

Human relaxin was administered to young rats through either minipumps (group P) or subcutaneous injections (group I). Control rats received pump implants containing placebo (group C). Day 0 was the day of orthodontic appliance placement and activation to pull bilateral upper first molars forward, and day 14 was the end time point.

The effectiveness of phase I orthodontic treatment in a Medicaid population.

Background: The effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment for Medicaid-enrolled children in the mixed dentition was assessed and compared with results in a population of private-pay patients.

Material: Pre- and posttreatment casts from 196 subjects treated with interceptive orthodontics in the mixed dentition were evaluated by using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON). Ninety-six of the patients were treated at Odessa Brown Community Clinic in Seattle; their treatment was paid by Medicaid.

Trabecular organization in mandibular osteodistraction in growing and maturing rats.

Purpose: Our goal was to investigate the trabecular organization of the distraction regenerate during various consolidation phases and as a result of various distraction rates.

Materials And Methods: One hundred ninety-two growing and maturing rats (96 each) received unilateral mandibular osteotomies and distraction device placement. They were randomly allocated into 4 distraction rate groups (0, 0.

Alterations of morphology and microdensity in the condyle after mandibular osteodistraction in the rat.

Purpose: In this study, we examined the effects of mandibular distraction osteogenesis on the morphology and the microdensity of the rat condyle.

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty-nine rats were allocated to 4 experimental groups (n = 32 or 33). Each received unilateral mandibular ramus osteotomy and distraction device placement.

Vascular leak syndrome of Sprague-Dawley rats in a mandibular distraction osteogenesis study.

Vascular leak syndrome (VLS) is a common and often fatal sequela of multiple bone traumas, and of infectious, toxic, and allergic insults in human patients. Although an animal model for VLS has not been fully established, rats have shown sensitivity to the syndrome that approximates that of the human population. We describe cases of VLS in three-month-old adult and one-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats in an osteogenesis study aimed at optimizing correction of bone hypoplasias and other craniofacial deformities in children, using a mandibular distraction device.

Comparison of peer assessment ratings (PAR) from 1-phase and 2-phase treatment protocols for Class II malocclusions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the dentoalveolar outcomes after 1-phase and 2-phase orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusions. Class II subjects (n = 208) were randomized to 1-phase or 2-phase treatment with either bionator or headgear/biteplate. The peer assessment rating (PAR) was calculated from pretreatment, prephase 2, and final study models.

A 3-dimensional analysis of molar movement during headgear treatment.

Superimposition of serial cephalograms provides a limited description of tooth movement that could be complemented by data obtained from serial dental casts. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical method for superimposing 3-dimensional data obtained from selected landmarks on longitudinally collected dental casts to describe maxillary first molar movement during headgear treatment. The material consisted of dental casts taken bimonthly from 36 children whose Class II Division 1 malocclusion was treated with straight-pull headgear during a 24-month period.

Effectiveness of early treatment of Class II malocclusion.

The purpose of this study was to examine and report the effectiveness of early treatment with the headgear/biteplate and the bionator in patients with Class II malocclusion regardless of the mechanism of correction and to compare early-treatment results with changes over a similar time period in an observation group. The role of factors such as compliance was examined to determine their contribution to effective treatment. The experimental design was a prospective, longitudinal, randomized controlled trial.