Objectives/hypothesis: Assess the impact of the infraglottal medialization technique on acoustics and the vertical stiffness gradient of the vocal fold using excised canine larynges.
Methods: Seven ex vivo canine larynges were tested in three states: 1) no implant, 2) medialized using a glottal implant, and 3) medialized fold using an infraglottal implant. Outcome measures were vocal efficiency and stiffness of the fold.
Three laryngeal models were used to investigate the aerodynamic and elastic properties of vocal fold vibration: cadaveric human, excised canine, and synthetic silicone vocal folds. The aim was to compare the characteristics of these models to enhance our understanding of phonatory mechanisms. Flow and medial glottal wall geometry were acquired via particle image velocimetry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
August 2024
Objectives: With rapid advances in ultrasound-guided procedures, there is an unmet need for echogenic phantoms with sufficient anatomical details for artificial intelligence and ultrasound-guided device testing. We developed a method for creating neck phantoms for novel otolaryngology-related device testing. To achieve accurate representation of the anatomy, we utilized CT scans and 3D printing technology to create customized agar molds, thus providing high-fidelity yet cost-effective tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anastomotic leak after tracheal resection may occur while coughing in the early postoperative period. We investigated the varying effects of suturing technique, stretch, and tension on anastomotic leaks during simulated coughs.
Methods: End-to-end anastomoses were performed using continuous or interrupted sutures on excised porcine larynges.
Endotracheal Tubes (ETTs) maintain and secure a patent airway; however, prolonged intubation often results in unintended injury to the mucosal epithelium and inflammatory sequelae which complicate recovery. ETT design and materials used have yet to adapt to address intubation associated complications. In this study, a composite coating of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers embedded in a four-arm polyethylene glycol acrylate matrix (4APEGA) is developed to transform the ETT from a mechanical device to a dual-purpose device capable of delivering multiple therapeutics while preserving coating integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Deliv
April 2024
Introduction: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure to maintain an open airway with risks for traumatic injury. Pathological changes resulting from intubation can cause upper airway complications, including vocal fold scarring, laryngotracheal stenosis, and granulomas and present with symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Current intubation-related laryngotracheal injury treatment approaches lack standardized guidelines, relying on individual clinician experience, and surgical and medical interventions have limitations and carry risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Considered the second largest and most diverse microbiome after the gut, the human oral ecosystem is complex with diverse and niche-specific microorganisms. Although evidence is growing for the importance of oral microbiome in supporting a healthy immune system and preventing local and systemic infections, the influence of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma and routine reconstructive surgical treatments on community structure and function of oral resident microbes remains unknown. CMF injuries affect a large number of people, needing extensive rehabilitation with lasting morbidity and loss of human productivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the implant's vertical location during Type 1 Thyroplasty (T1T) on acoustics and glottal aerodynamics using excised canine larynx model, providing insights into the optimal technique for treating unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).
Methods: Measurements were conducted in six excised canine larynges using Silastic implants. Two implant locations, glottal and infraglottal, were tested for each larynx at low and high subglottal pressure levels.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol
April 2024
Objective: To describe the phenotypic characteristics of the epiglottis at rest and their impact on vallecular residue.
Methods: Videofluoroscopic studies (VFSS) were pooled from 2 Laryngology practices, and Image J was used to measure epiglottic anatomic features at rest. Studies were rated by the MBSImp and presence of vallecular residue following swallow of thin and puree boluses.
Percutaneous tracheotomies (PCT) are commonly performed minimally invasive procedures involving the creation of an airway opening through an incision or puncture of the tracheal wall. While the medical intervention is crucial for critical care and the management of acute respiratory failure, tracheostomy complications can lead to severe clinical symptoms due to the alterations of the airways biomechanical properties/structures. The causes and mechanisms underlaying the development of these post-tracheotomy complications remain largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate changes in neuroregenerative pathways with vocal fold denervation in response to vocal fold augmentation.
Methods: Eighteen Yorkshire crossbreed swine underwent left recurrent laryngeal nerve transection, followed by observation or augmentation with carboxymethylcellulose or calcium hydroxyapatite at two weeks. Polymerase chain reaction expression of genes regulating muscle growth (MyoD1, MyoG and FoxO1) and atrophy (FBXO32) were analysed at 4 and 12 weeks post-injection.
Objective: Inhalational burns frequently lead to dysphonia and airway stenosis. We hypothesize local dexamethasone delivery via a novel drug-eluting electrospun polymer-mesh endotracheal tube (ETT) reduces biomechanical and histologic changes in the vocal folds in inhalational burn.
Methods: Dexamethasone-loaded polymer mesh was electrospun onto ETTs trimmed to transglottic endolaryngeal segments and secured in nine Yorkshire Crossbreed swine with directed 150°C inhalation burns.
Objective: Receiving instruments from surgical technicians during endoscopic laryngeal and airway microsurgery (ELAM) has challenges including repeated, expeditious handling of delicate instruments and passing them to the surgeon's hand opposite of where the surgical assistant is standing. Optimizing this interaction may reduce surgical errors and improve operative efficiency.
Methods: A proprietary ELAM instrument holder was attached to both sides of the operating room bed.
Objective: To determine how social media is used in the dissemination of new information within otolaryngology, and to emphasize the importance of standardizing Twitter hashtag use.
Methods: Based on the 2019 SCImago journal rankings, the Twitter posts from the accounts of the top three journals covering each otolaryngology subspecialty were reviewed from August 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. Twitter posts from the primary otolaryngology-related academic societies were also reviewed during this timeframe.
The vocal folds (VFs) are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation leading to changes in biomechanical properties, structure, and composition. The development of long-term strategies for VF treatment depends on the characterization of related cells, biomaterials, or engineered tissues in a controlled mechanical environment. Our aim was to design, develop, and characterize a scalable and high-throughput platform that mimics the mechanical microenvironment of the VFs in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Airway obstruction is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. Assessing outcomes associated with airway interventions is important, and temporal trends can reflect the influence of training, technology, the system of care, and other factors. We assessed mortality among casualties undergoing prehospital airway intervention occurring over the course of combat operations during 2007-2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Base of tongue (BOT) dysfunction is common following oropharyngeal concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). We present a clinically relevant animal model quantifying the effects of CCRT on tongue strength and elasticity over time.
Methods: Fifty-three male and 53 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control or experimental groups.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
August 2022
Objectives/hypothesis: Composite vocal fold (VF) biomechanical data are lacking for augmentation after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. We hypothesize resulting atrophy decreases VF stiffness and augmentation restores native VF biomechanics.
Methods: Sixteen Yorkshire Crossbreed swine underwent left RLN transection and were observed or underwent carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa) augmentation at 2 weeks.