Colorectal endometriosis - a challenging, often overlooked cause of colorectal pathology: a clinicopathological review of 114 cases.

The colon is the most common site for endometriosis outside the genital tract. It has a varied presentation and can mimic numerous other conditions, both clinically and pathologically. We investigated the clinicopathological features of a series of colorectal endometriosis with a particular emphasis on the features seen in cases with colonic mucosal involvement.

Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) for capturing stage at diagnosis for pancreatic carcinoma in Australia.

Introduction: Stage of pancreatic carcinoma at diagnosis is a strong prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality, yet is poorly notified to population-based cancer registries ("cancer registries"). Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) provides a method for cancer registries to use available data sources to compile and record stage in a consistent way. This project describes the development and validation of rules to capture RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) and applies the rules to data currently captured in each Australian cancer registry.

ROCK2 inhibition attenuates profibrogenic immune cell function to reverse thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis.

Background & Aims: Fibrosis, the primary cause of morbidity in chronic liver disease, is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell infiltrates, and tissue resident cells that drive excessive myofibroblast activation, collagen production, and tissue scarring. Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) regulates key pro-fibrotic pathways involved in both inflammatory reactions and altered extracellular matrix remodelling, implicating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target.

Methods: We used the thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis model to examine the efficacy of administration of the selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025 to prevent or treat liver fibrosis and its impact on immune composition and function.

Sampling and Reporting of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Pathologists have an important and expanding role in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. This role includes the initial diagnosis of the disease, assessment of the response to treatment and the identification of short-term complications such as cytomegalovirus infection and long-term complications such as dysplasia. Furthermore, the assessment of resection specimens for complication of disease is important to determining the risk of subsequent disease or inflammation within an ileal pouch.

Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease.

Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where intestinal immunopathology arises after gluten consumption. Previous studies suggested that hookworm infection restores gluten tolerance; however, these studies were small (n = 12) and not placebo controlled.

Methods: We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of hookworm infection in 54 people with celiac disease.

Non-conventional dysplasias of the tubular gut: a review and illustration of their histomorphological spectrum.

The increasing use of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has led to the recognition by histopathologists of non-conventional (or special-type) dysplasias of the gastrointestinal tract. These lesions can be recognised in association with prevalent underlying gastrointestinal conditions, such as Barrett oesophagus, chronic atrophic gastritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The diagnosis of these special types can be challenging, and their biological behaviours are not fully characterised.

Traditional serrated adenoma-like lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma. The significance of serrated lesions resembling traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) in IBD patients is unclear. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 52 TSA-like lesions arising in 30 IBD patients and diagnosed in colectomy or endoscopic specimens.

Nonconventional dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma: a multicenter clinicopathologic study.

Several types of nonconventional dysplasia have been recently described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, strict morphologic criteria are lacking, and their clinicopathologic features (including potential association with conventional dysplasia and/or colorectal cancer [CRC]) are poorly understood. A total of 106 dysplastic or serrated lesions in 58 IBD patients with CRC were retrospectively identified from five institutions.

Adult onset of genetic disorders in bile acid transport in the liver.

Although severe deficiencies of canalicular transporter enzymes due to biallelic mutations are well known as causes of progressive cholestatic liver disease in children, it is increasingly recognized that milder disease may occur if a single, heterozygous gene mutation is present. This mild disease, generally presenting initially in adulthood, may have a variety of clinical and histological appearances. Bland canalicular cholestasis is the prototypic change, but it is now clear that some gene mutations, particularly in ABCB4 (encoding MDR3), can cause other patterns that include early cholesterol calculus formation, bile duct injury and disappearance, ductular reactions mimicking large duct obstruction, and, in rare cases, progressive fibrosis.

Clinicopathological features of pyloric gland adenomas of the duodenum: a multicentre study of 57 cases.

Aims: To determine the clinicopathological features of pyloric gland adenomas (PGA) that arise in the duodenum.

Methods And Results: Fifty-seven cases of duodenal PGA were identified and analysed from 56 patients. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.

Actinomyces in Crohn's-like appendicitis.

Aims: Appendicitis with a Crohn's-like histological appearance generally raises concern for Crohn's disease, Yersinia infection, and interval appendectomy. Actinomyces infection is a recognised cause of chronic appendicitis that can histologically mimic Crohn's disease.

Methods And Results: We report on 20 cases of appendicitis with Crohn's-like histological features that were due to Actinomyces.

Subclassification of hepatocellular adenomas: practical considerations in the implementation of the Bordeaux criteria.

Hepatocellular adenomas are benign liver lesions with a risk of rupture and malignant transformation. Various molecular subgroups have been identified which appear to have characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features. We examined the morphology and immunohistochemical profile of a series of 121 HCA from 97 patients to identify the HCA subtypes present and determine the number at risk for malignant transformation according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for hepatocellular adenomas.

Brunner's gland cyst: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases highlighting an underappreciated lesion.

Brunner's gland cysts are rare, benign lesions of the duodenum usually seen as incidental, polypoid or cystic lesions of the duodenum. We present a series of 25 cases of Brunner's gland cyst, the largest case series to date. All the cases were identified during endoscopic assessment for unrelated causes.

Synthesis and Membrane Properties of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Statistical Copolymers for Electrolysis of Water: Influence of Meta- and Para-Substituted Comonomers.

Two series of high molecular weight disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers were synthesized as proton exchange membranes for high-temperature water electrolyzers. These copolymers differ based on the position of the ether bonds on the aromatic rings. One series is comprised of fully para-substituted hydroquinone comonomer, and the other series incorporated 25 mol % of a meta-substituted comonomer resorcinol and 75 mol % hydroquinone.

Histopathological findings of extra-ileal manifestations at initial diagnosis of Crohn's disease-related ileitis.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Our objective was to review the histological findings in index biopsies from the terminal ileum and other gastro-intestinal tract sites of Crohn's disease patients prior any treatment and to compare them with the findings from patients with non-specific ileitis. A total of 111 consecutive Crohn's disease cases (55 females, median age 27 years) with extra-ileal biopsies were retrospectively selected.

The pathological findings seen in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies for weight loss.

Sleeve gastrectomy specimens are increasingly common surgical specimens received for examination following bariatric surgery for weight loss. The spectrum of pathological changes seen in these cases is not well documented. Retrospective examination was undertaken of 1463 consecutive sleeve gastrectomy specimens received at Envoi Specialist Pathologists.

Spatiotemporal Characterization of the Cellular and Molecular Contributors to Liver Fibrosis in a Murine Hepatotoxic-Injury Model.

The interplay between the inflammatory infiltrate and tissue resident cell populations invokes fibrogenesis. However, the temporal and mechanistic contributions of these cells to fibrosis are obscure. To address this issue, liver inflammation, ductular reaction (DR), and fibrosis were induced in C57BL/6 mice by thioacetamide administration for up to 12 weeks.

Deletion of Wntless in myeloid cells exacerbates liver fibrosis and the ductular reaction in chronic liver injury.

Background: Macrophages play critical roles in liver regeneration, fibrosis development and resolution. They are among the first responders to liver injury and are implicated in orchestrating the fibrogenic response via multiple mechanisms. Macrophages are also intimately associated with the activated hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) niche or ductular reaction that develops in parallel with fibrosis.

ELF score ≥9.8 indicates advanced hepatic fibrosis and is influenced by age, steatosis and histological activity.

Background & Aims: There is increasing need to identify individuals with advanced liver fibrosis, who are at risk of complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The commercially available enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test provides a non-invasive assessment of fibrosis severity. This study was designed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the manufacturer's cut-off value (≥9.