Cytokines are associated with longitudinal changes in cognitive performance among urban adults.

Background: Chronic systemic inflammation has been positively associated with structural and functional brain changes representing early markers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cognitive decline. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African-Americans and Whites urban adults.

Methods: Participants were selected from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (2004-2013, baseline age: 30-64 y, mean ± SD follow-up time of 4.

Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults.

Systemic inflammation can affect cognitive performance over time. The current study examined associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance among African Americans and Whites urban adults, stratifying by sex, and age group and by race. Among 1,555-1,719 White and African-American urban adults [Age: 30-64y, 2004-2013, mean±SD follow-up time(y): 4.

Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and its association with incident all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in large national surveys.

Introduction: Infectious agents were recently implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and etiology of other dementias, notably Helicobacter pylori.

Methods: We tested associations of H. pylori seropositivity with incident all-cause and AD dementia and with AD-related mortality among US adults in a retrospective cohort study.

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Cognitive Function in a Mixed-Sex Epidemiological Sample of Urban Adults.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is associated with a wide range of mental and physical health problems, but little is known about the effect of IPV on cognitive decline. Previous research suggests an association between IPV victimization and cognitive dysfunction, but the few studies that have examined this phenomenon were cross-sectional in design and focused only on female victims of IPV. This study examined cognitive function over time among a diverse population of both male and female victims of IPV.

Systolic orthostatic hypotension is related to lowered cognitive function: Findings from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between orthostatic changes in blood pressure (BP) and cognition, with consideration given to cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle variables. The cross-sectional analysis included 961 community-dwelling participants of the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study, for whom BP clinic measures (five sitting, five recumbent, and five standing) were obtained. Eighteen percent of participants had orthostatic hypotension (fall in systolic BP ≥20 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥10 mm Hg upon standing) and 6% had orthostatic hypertension (rise in systolic BP ≥20 mm Hg).

Age modifies the relation between intraindividual measurement-to-measurement variation in blood pressure and cognitive function: the Maine-Syracuse Study.

Background: There is evidence to suggest that intraindividual variability in blood pressure (BP IIV) may be superior to mean BP for predicting cognitive function, taken from both within a single visit and between-visits. BP IIV increases with age in studies of persons middle-aged and older. The aim was therefore to investigate age by BP IIV (SBP and DBP) interactions with regard to cognitive functioning while considering medication class and polypharmacy, which may also affect BP IIV with advancing age.

Differential Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Global Brain Volumes and White Matter Lesions in African American and White Adults: the HANDLS SCAN Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine interactive relations of race and socioeconomic status (SES) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed global brain outcomes with previously demonstrated prognostic significance for stroke, dementia, and mortality.

Methods: Participants were 147 African Americans (AAs) and whites (ages 33-71 years; 43% AA; 56% female; 26% below poverty) in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span SCAN substudy. Cranial MRI was conducted using a 3.

Serum Uric Acid and Its Association with Longitudinal Cognitive Change Among Urban Adults.

Uric acid, a waste metabolite among humans, was linked to various cognitive outcomes. We describe sex and age-group specific associations of baseline serum uric acid (SUAbase) and significant change in SUA (ΔSUA: 1 versus 0 = decrease versus no change; 2 versus 0 = increase versus no change) with longitudinal annual rate of cognitive change among a large sample of urban adults. Data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, 2004-2009 (visit 1) and 2009-2013 (visit 2) were used.

Associations Between Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Socioeconomically Diverse African American and White Men and Women.

Objectives: To examine whether race and poverty (income <125% of the federal poverty limit), modifies associations between diabetes and cognition in a biracial, urban-dwelling sample.

Methods: Cross-sectional data for 2066 participants (mean age = 47.6 years, 56.

Measurement-to-measurement blood pressure variability is related to cognitive performance: the Maine Syracuse study.

The objective was to investigate the association between variability in blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function for sitting, standing, and reclining BP values and variability derived from all 15 measures. In previous studies, only sitting BP values have been examined, and only a few cognitive measures have been used. A secondary objective was to examine associations between BP variability and cognitive performance in hypertensive individuals stratified by treatment success.

Risk of dementia after fluctuating mild cognitive impairment: when the yo-yoing stops.

Friends, family members, and medical caretakers notice that sometimes we have good days and sometimes we have bad days. If we are older, the bad days may involve making poor judgments, acting impulsively, forgetting information we just heard, or repeating ourselves in conversations. If these oscillations persist, then someone we know well may suggest consulting a physician because our bad days are interfering with our daily activities.

Deterioration in renal function is associated with increased arterial stiffness.

Background: Higher levels of baseline pulse wave velocity (PWV) have been associated with longitudinal decline in renal function in patients with kidney disease. We examined longitudinal decline in renal function in relation to levels of PWV. We hypothesized that longitudinal decline in renal function in a community-based, nonclinic sample would be associated with higher levels of PWV.

Kidney disease and cognitive function.

Unlabelled: We provide a brief review of research on chronic kidney disease and cognitive performance, including dementia. We touch briefly on the literature relating end-stage-renal disease to cognitive function, but focus on studies of modest and moderate forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that precede dialysis and transplantation. We summarize previous reviews dealing with case control studies of patients but more fully examine community-based studies with large samples and necessary controls for demographic risk factors, cardiovascular variables, and other confounds such as depression.

Decline in renal functioning is associated with longitudinal decline in global cognitive functioning, abstract reasoning and verbal memory.

Background: Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher serum creatinine (sCR) levels have been associated with longitudinal decline in global mental status measures. Longitudinal data describing change in multiple domains of cognitive functioning are needed in order to determine which specific abilities are most affected in individuals with impaired renal function.

Methods: We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study with 590 community-living individuals (mean age 62.

Relations between dairy food intake and arterial stiffness: pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure.

Modifiable risk factors, such as diet, are becomingly increasingly important in the management of cardiovascular disease, one of the greatest major causes of death and disease burden. Few studies have examined the role of diet as a possible means of reducing arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity, an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dairy food intake is associated with measures of arterial stiffness, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure.

Diabetes mellitus in centenarians.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in centenarians.

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based.

Setting: Forty-four counties in northern Georgia.

Normative data for elderly adults: the Maine-Syracuse study.

The primary objective of this study was to provide supplementary normative data on aging and cognition from an ongoing community-based study. This dementia- and stroke-free sample (age range = 70-89; mean = 77.5) consisted of 228 women and 155 men participating in the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study at waves 6 to 7 (2001-2009).

From blood pressure to physical disability: the role of cognition.

We examined the hypothesis that lowered cognitive performance plays a role in the relation between elevated blood pressure and physical disability in performing basic physical tasks. A community-based sample (N=1025) free from stroke and dementia (mean age: 61.1 years; SD: 13.

Arterial pulse wave velocity and cognition with advancing age.

We hypothesized that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, interacts with age such that the magnitude of associations between PWV and cognitive performance are greater with increasing age and that this interaction is observed despite adjustments for demographic variables, mean arterial pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors. PWV was estimated using applanation tonometry in 409 dementia- and stroke-free participants of the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (24 to 92 years of age; 62.3% women).

Relation between central adiposity and cognitive function in the Maine-Syracuse Study: attenuation by physical activity.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between central adiposity and cognitive function. However, only some of these studies have adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease, and none have also adjusted for physical activity level.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between anthropometric measures of central adiposity (waist circumference and waist/hip ratio) and cognitive functioning with adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors and physical activity.