Age- and Sex-Related Volumetric Density Differences in Trabecular and Cortical Bone of the Proximal Femur in Healthy Population.

Background: There are age- and sex-related increases in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Bone densitometry based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD). Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the proximal femur (3D-DXA) allows discrimination between cortical and trabecular compartments, and it has shown a good correlation with computed tomography.

TUDCA modulates drug bioavailability to regulate resistance to acute ER stress in .

Cells counter accumulation of misfolded secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Small molecules termed chemical chaperones can promote protein folding to alleviate ER stress. The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has been described as a chemical chaperone.

HIV-related outcomes among migrants living in Europe compared with the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Compared with the general population, international migrants arriving in Europe face severe socioeconomic challenges that result in higher HIV prevalence and limited access to health care, potentially leading to negative outcomes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the incidence of HIV-related outcomes among international migrants arriving in Europe compared with the incidence among the general population.

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify studies investigating HIV-related outcomes in migrants and the general population living with HIV in Europe.

AMRColab - a user-friendly antimicrobial resistance detection and visualization tool.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global public health, with the potential to cause millions of deaths annually by 2050. Effective surveillance of AMR pathogens is crucial for monitoring and predicting their behaviour in response to antibiotics. However, many public health professionals lack the necessary bioinformatics skills and resources to analyse pathogen genomes effectively.

Revisiting typing systems for group B prophages: an application in prophage detection and classification in group B isolates from Argentina.

Group B (GBS) causes severe infections in neonates and adults with comorbidities. Prophages have been reported to contribute to GBS evolution and pathogenicity. However, no studies are available to date on the presence and diversity of prophages in GBS isolates from humans in South America.

Co-metabolic growth and microbial diversity: Keys for the depletion of the α, δ, β and γ-HCH isomers.

The objective of this study was the isolation and enrichment of microbiomes capable of degrading the main hexachlorocyclohexane isomers quantified in environmental matrices, e.g.: the α, δ, β and γ-HCH isomers.

The Impact of Assessment of Nurses' Experiences in Thoracic Surgery in Onco-Hematological Patients.

Nowadays, Thoracic Surgery is technologically advanced; therefore, it also focuses its attention on nursing care. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the assessment of a dedicated team of nurses (DTN) in all onco-hematological patients undergoing VATS lobectomy for lung cancer on the outcome of the patient, preventing pressure injuries, reducing perioperative stress, duration of operations, complications, and hospital stay times. We performed a single-center observational retrospective study, including 31 DTN and 760 onco-hematological patients who underwent thoracic surgery between 30 October 2018 and 30 June 2023 at "Vanvitelli" University of Naples.

NDM-5-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 in a university hospital in Argentina.

Background: A drastic increase in carbapenem resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates occurred during the period 2019-22. Three epidemiological changes could be evidenced: (i) NDM became the predominant carbapenemase; (ii) NDM-5 replaced NDM-1; and (iii) the emergence of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 (NDM-KpST258).

"Prion-like" seeding and propagation of oligomeric protein assemblies in neurodegenerative disorders.

Intra- or extracellular aggregates of proteins are central pathogenic features in most neurodegenerative disorders. The accumulation of such proteins in diseased brains is believed to be the end-stage of a stepwise aggregation of misfolded monomers to insoluble cross-β fibrils via a series of differently sized soluble oligomers/protofibrils. Several studies have shown how α-synuclein, amyloid-β, tau and other amyloidogenic proteins can act as nucleating particles and thereby share properties with misfolded forms, or strains, of the prion protein.

Perspectives on climate action and the changing burden of infectious diseases among young Italian doctors and students: a national survey.

Background: The eco-climatic crisis has been defined by the World Health Organization as the "single biggest health threat facing humanity," influencing both the emergence of zoonoses and the spread of vector-borne and water-borne diseases. The aim of this survey was to explore knowledge, eco-anxiety and attitudes toward the ecological and climate crisis among young Italian doctors and medical students.

Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter survey was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023, by administering an anonymous questionnaire to Italian doctors and students of medicine.

Genetic and Phenotypic Changes Related to the Development of -Independent Oxacillin Non-Susceptibility in ST8 Recovered after Antibiotic Therapy in a Patient with Bacteremia.

The -independent oxacillin non-susceptible (MIONSA) strains represent a great clinical challenge, as they are not easily detected and can lead to treatment failure. However, the responsible molecular mechanisms are still very little understood. Here, we studied four clinical ST8-MSSA- isolates recovered during the course of antibiotic treatment from a patient suffering successive episodes of bacteremia.

Effect of bile salts on intestinal epithelial function in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

In the context of modern aquaculture, the effort to reduce the reliance on fishmeal/marine ingredients in fish diets has led to the exploration of plant-based protein sources as potential substitutes, a dietary shift that disrupts the bile acid profile in fish. Therefore, bile salts are being sought as additives. However, artificially increased intestinal levels of bile acids may significantly impact mucosal function.

Marine copepod culture as a potential source of bioplastic-degrading microbiome: The case of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate).

The poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) is emerging as environmentally sustainable polyester for applications in marine environment. In this work the capacity of microbiome associated with marine plankton culture to degrade PBSA, was tested. A taxonomic and functional characterization of the microbiome associated with the copepod Acartia tonsa, reared in controlled conditions, was analysed by 16S rDNA metabarcoding, in newly-formed adult stages and after 7 d of incubation.

Dapagliflozin added to metformin reduces perirenal fat layer in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity.

Sodium-glucose co-transporters type 2 inhibitors (SLGT2i) are highly effective in controlling type 2 diabetes, but reported beneficial cardiovascular effects suggest broader actions on insulin resistance. Weight loss may be initially explained by glycosuria-induced net caloric output and secondary volumetric reduction, but its maintenance could be due to loss of visceral fat mass. Structured ultrasound (US) imaging of abdominal adipose tissue ("eco-obesity") is a recently described methodology used to measure 5 consecutive layers of abdominal fat, not assessable by DEXA or CT scan: superficial subcutaneous (SS), deep subcutaneous (DS), preperitoneal (PP), omental (Om) and right perirenal (RK).

Treatment of Multiple RT1 Gingival Recessions Using a Coronally Advanced Flap Associated with L-PRF or Subgingival Connective Tissue Graft from Maxillary Tuberosity: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

The goal of plastic periodontal surgery is to obtain complete root coverage, increasing gingival thickness (GT), a positive prognostic factor for gingival margin stability over time. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) in RT1 (GR; gingival recession with no loss of interproximal attachment) when associated with a connective tissue graft from the maxillary tuberosity (tCTG) or with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes in obtaining root coverage and increasing the thickness and width of the keratinized tissue, along with aesthetic improvement, taking into account a number of patient-related outcomes. Thirty patients with two adjacent RT1 GRs (GRs with no loss of interproximal attachment) were each treated using CAF associated with tCTG (15 patients) or L-PRF.

Effect of Liraglutide in Different Abdominal Fat Layers Measured by Ultrasound: The Importance of Perirenal Fat Reduction.

Introduction: Ultrasonography (US) in patients with obesity allows us to measure different layers of abdominal fat (superficial subcutaneous, deep subcutaneous, preperitoneal, omental, and perirenal), not assessable by DEXA or CT scan. Omental and perirenal fat depots are considered predictors of metabolic complications. Liraglutide is particularly effective in reducing weight in patients with insulin-resistance, but its direct impact on each abdominal fat layer is unknown.

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Predictors for Loss to Follow Up among Marginalized Homeless and Migrant Communities: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In Europe and Italy, marginalized communities have a higher risk for both contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) and progressing towards adverse outcomes.

Objectives: This study focuses on the screening of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis among homeless individuals and agricultural migrant workers living in Apulia, Italy. It aims to assess STI prevalence and investigate factors that might hinder return to collect test results.

Visceral Aorta Electrocautery Septotomy to Allow Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair in Ruptured Chronic Post-Dissection Thoraco-Abdominal Aneurysm.

Purpose: Endovascular repair of chronic post-dissection thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (PD-TAAA) presents specific technical challenges due to the presence of chronic septum. Small true lumen diameter and false lumen visceral vessel origin can make branched endograft prohibitive. Septotomy may allow to overcome these challenges in cases of high complex anatomy.

Modified blade: an interventional option in rigid bronchoscopy for non-resectable benign tracheal stenosis.

Introduction: Benign tracheobronchial stenosis is a abnormal tracheal lumen narrowing that may incur progressive dyspnea and life-threatening hypoxemia. There is no consensus on which patients should be treated with endoscopic or surgical method. This study investigates the outcomes of bronchoscopic dilatation in the treatment of benign tracheal stenosis using a device equipped with a blade to cut the stenotic lesions with dense fibrosis.

3D-DXA Based Finite Element Modelling for Femur Strength Prediction: Evaluation Against QCT.

Osteoporosis is characterised by the loss of bone density resulting in an increased risk of fragility fractures. The clinical gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is based on the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) used as a surrogate for bone strength, in combination with clinical risk factors. Finite element (FE) analyses based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT) have been shown to estimate bone strength better than aBMD.

Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal and Pararenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using a Novel Low-Profile Fenestrated Custom-Made Endograft: Technical Details and Short-Term Outcomes.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to share preliminary experiences and outcomes with a novel custom-made fenestrated TREO Abdominal Stent-Graft System to treat juxtarenal and pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).

Methods: Juxtarenal and pararenal AAA patients treated with the custom-made fenestrated TREO Abdominal Stent-Graft System were included from 4 high-volume European academic medical centers from June 2021 to September 2023. Technical success and 30-day/in-hospital mortality and complications were analyzed.