Machine learning-derived asthma and allergy trajectories in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Numerous studies have characterised trajectories of asthma and allergy in children using machine learning, but with different techniques and mixed findings. The present work aimed to summarise the evidence and critically appraise the methodology.

Methods: 10 databases were searched.

A survey of the legal frameworks on medical decision-making in minors in European countries.

This study examines how healthcare decisions involving minors are handled across European countries by asking member organizations of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). An online survey was distributed via the EAP network to representatives of national paediatric associations in all European countries. The survey focused on determining the age at which minors can consent to medical treatment without parental permission, including contexts such as mental health treatment, reproductive health, vaccinations, life-threatening situations, and end-of-life decisions.

Surge of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infections After the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Concept of "Immune Debt".

Objective: To investigate a dose-response relationship between the magnitude of decrease in pediatric respiratory tract infections (RTI) during the 2020 implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) and the rise thereafter during NPI lifting.

Study Design: We conducted an interrupted, time-series analysis, based on a multinational surveillance system. All patients <16 years of age coming to medical attention with various symptoms and signs of RTI at 25 pediatric emergency departments from 13 European countries between January 2018 and June 2022 were included.

Fever management in children and insights into fever of unknown origin: a survey among Italian pediatricians.

Background: Fever is a common symptom in children, but despite existing guidelines, pediatricians may not fully apply recommendations. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is generally referred to as an unexplained prolonged fever. However, a standardized FUO definition and management is missing.

Drug-Related Pyroglutamic Acidosis: Systematic Literature Review.

: Inborn errors of glutathione metabolism may cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to pyroglutamic acid accumulation. Since 1988, cases of this acidosis have been reported in individuals without these defects. : Given the poorly characterized predisposing factors, presentation, management, and prognosis of acquired pyroglutamic acidosis, we conducted a systematic review using the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.

Iron Supply of Multivitamins-Multiminerals Commercialized Online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe: A Labeling Analysis.

In high-income countries, shopping for non-prescription multivitamin-multimineral supplements has tremendously increased. The purpose of this labeling analysis is to inform on the daily elemental iron (with or without vitamin C) supply provided by multivitamin-multimineral supplements sold online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe (amazon.es, amazon.

Definition and assessment of fever-related discomfort in pediatric literature: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Guidelines advocate that the symptomatic management of fever should prioritize alleviating the child's discomfort. We investigated the definition and assessment of discomfort in febrile children within the scientific pediatric literature. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and preregistered on the Prospero database (CRD42023471590).

Ultra-processed foods, allergy outcomes and underlying mechanisms in children: An EAACI task force report.

Background: Consumption of ultra-processed foods [UPFs] may be associated with negative health outcomes. Limited data exist regarding the potential role of UPFs in the occurrence of allergic diseases. The underlying mechanisms underpinning any such associations are also poorly elucidated.

Use of intranasal and sublingual analgesia in children and adolescents in the paediatric emergency department.

Background: Despite evidence showing that the intranasal and sublingual routes are safe and effective in providing analgesia, no data are available about their day-to-day use in the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the use of the intranasal and sublingual routes, and the clinical characteristics of the patients receiving analgesia through these routes.

Methods: A multicentre study was performed in the EDs participating in the Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room research group.

Enhancing human milk studies: Introducing a less invasive human milk collection technique for the measurement of fatty acids.

Objectives: The fatty acid (FA) supply of human milk (HM) contributes to health outcomes. Sampling fresh HM to analyze its FA content is challenging because of its ever-changing nature. Also, obtaining samples from lactating mothers is challenging.

Machine learning-derived phenotypic trajectories of asthma and allergy in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Development of asthma and allergies in childhood/adolescence commonly follows a sequential progression termed the 'atopic march'. Recent reports indicate, however, that these diseases are composed of multiple distinct phenotypes, with possibly differential trajectories. We aim to synthesise the current literature in the field of machine learning-based trajectory studies of asthma/allergies in children and adolescents, summarising the frequency, characteristics and associated risk factors and outcomes of identified trajectories and indicating potential directions for subsequent research in replicability, pathophysiology, risk stratification and personalised management.

The Role of Breastfeeding in Acute Respiratory Infections in Infancy.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) affect the respiratory tract, are often caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, and present symptoms such as coughing, fever, respiratory distress, and breathing difficulty. The global adherence to exclusive breastfeeding (BF) for the first 6 months of life has reached 44%, supported by the World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund efforts. BF provides vital nutrients and contributes to infant immune system development, protecting against infections.

Transient secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with urinary tract infections: systematic literature review.

Unlabelled: Infants with a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract sometimes present with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to under-responsiveness to aldosterone, hereafter referred to as secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism. The purpose of this report is to investigate pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infant urinary tract infection. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines after PROSPERO (CRD42022364210) registration.

Malnutrition management in children with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encompasses diverse conditions such as congenital anomalies, glomerulonephritis, and hereditary nephropathies, necessitating individualized nutritional interventions. Early detection is pivotal due to the heightened risk of adverse outcomes, including compromised growth and increased healthcare costs. The nutritional assessment in pediatric CKD employs a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, considering disease-specific factors, growth metrics, and dietary habits.

Epstein-Barr virus as promoter of Lemierre syndrome: systematic literature review.

Purpose: To investigate a possible link between acute Epstein-Barr virus infection and Lemierre syndrome, a rare yet life-threatening infection.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted adhering to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Diagnosis criteria for Lemierre syndrome were established, and data extraction encompassed demographic data, clinical, and laboratory information.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional and dietary interventions in randomized controlled trials for skin symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and without food allergy: An EAACI task force report.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate evidence on dietary interventions for atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD) skin symptoms in children without food allergies, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic review updates were conducted in May 2022 and June 2023, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with AD but without food allergies. Specific diets or supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, were explored in these trials.

The non-clinical burden of febrile seizures: a systematic review.

Febrile seizures (FS) can be frightening for parents, even though they are usually harmless. Various questionnaires have been used to assess parental reactions and awareness about FS, revealing insufficient knowledge. Studies have shown that educational interventions significantly reduce parental concerns, improve knowledge, and promote better first-aid measures.

Blood pressure screening in Mata Sector, a rural area of Rwanda.

In rural sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of non-communicable diseases such as high blood pressure (BP) is rather limited. This report provides information about a BP screening in Mata Sector, a rural region in Southern Province of Rwanda. Community-based, house-to-house screening was performed between February and July 2020 on more than 7000 inhabitants.

Febrile Seizures: A Systematic Review of Different Guidelines.

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurological disorder in pediatric age. FS affect 2% to 12% of children and result from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Effective management and unambiguous recommendations are crucial for allocating health care resources efficiently and ensuring cost-effectiveness in treating FS.