Publications by authors named "Gregoire Le Gal"

Introduction: Outpatient management of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains controversial in patients with cancer due to their higher risks of mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of outpatient management of cancer-associated PE.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases from inception to May 30, 2024, for studies on outpatient management of cancer-associated PE.

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Background: Limited language proficiency is an established barrier to research participation among racialized populations. While prior studies have highlighted the underrepresentation of racialized populations in venous thromboembolism (VTE) research, the impact of limited language proficiency as a reason for nonconsent among eligible patients is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the impact of language barrier as the primary reason for VTE research non-participation.

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Purpose: Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is a widely used imaging test, different options are possible for the acquisition and interpretation of the scan. The aim of this study was to assess current practices regarding the use and interpretation of lung scintigraphy in various clinical indications.

Patients And Methods: An online survey comprising 25 questions was sent to nuclear medicine departments in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and United States between 2022 and 2023.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a malignancy with high rates of locoregional recurrence and poor prognosis for recurrent cases. Early detection of subclinical lesions is challenging but critical for effective patient management. Imaging surveillance after treatment, particularly F-FDG PET/CT, has shown promise in the diagnosis of HNSCC recurrence.

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Background: Clinical trials suggest that therapeutic-dose heparin may prevent critical illness and vascular complications due to COVID-19, but knowledge gaps exist regarding the efficacy of therapeutic heparin including its comparative effect relative to intermediate-dose anticoagulation.

Objectives: The authors performed 2 complementary secondary analyses of a completed randomized clinical trial: 1) a prespecified per-protocol analysis; and 2) an exploratory dose-based analysis to compare the effect of therapeutic-dose heparin with low- and intermediate-dose heparin.

Methods: Patients who received initial anticoagulation dosed consistently with randomization were included.

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Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism remains a challenge for clinicians as its differential diagnosis is wide. The use of sequential diagnostic strategies based on the assessment of clinical probability, D-dimer measurement, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography have been validated in large prospective outcome studies. D-dimer measurement at a standard cutoff of 500 μg/L has gained wide acceptance to rule out pulmonary embolism in around 20 to 30% of patients with a clinically suspected pulmonary embolism.

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Introduction: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) increases the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). AECOPD and PE have similar symptoms which results in a high proportion of patients with AECOPD undergoing imaging to rule out PE. Finding predictors and explanatory factors of PE in AECOPD, such as purulence status, could help reduce the need for imaging.

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Introduction: Approximately 10 % of all diagnosed pulmonary embolism are isolated to the subsegmental vessels. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with an acute subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) managed with or without anticoagulant therapy remains poorly understood.

Methods: This is an observational cohort study including consecutive adult patients diagnosed with acute isolated SSPE between June 01, 2019, and August 31, 2022.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is difficult to diagnose, and using new methods like SPECT V/Q may improve diagnosis but no comprehensive studies have been done yet comparing it to traditional techniques.!
  • A planned randomized trial will include 3,672 patients split into three groups to assess diagnostic strategies based on SPECT V/Q, CTPA, and traditional V/Q scans, focusing on safety and effectiveness of these methods in identifying PE.!
  • The study aims to provide important insights for clinical guidelines while ensuring ethical standards by obtaining patient consent and being funded by reputable institutions. !
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Background: The 4-level clinical pretest probability score (4PEPS) was recently introduced as a clinical decision rule for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Based on the score, patients are classified into clinical pretest probability categories (c-PTP). The "very low" category aims at excluding PE without further testing; "low" and "moderate" categories require D-dimer testing with specific thresholds, while patients with a "high" pretest directly proceed to imaging.

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Background: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased postpartum and contributes to important morbidity and mortality. While there have been advances in evaluating diagnostic algorithms for suspected VTE during pregnancy, there is limited data for postpartum individuals.

Objective: We conducted a scoping review to describe and evaluate diagnostic strategies used to investigate suspected VTE in postpartum individuals.

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BACKGROUND: Admission to the hospital is a major risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin prevents symptomatic VTE in medically ill, hospitalized older adults remains debated. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial, older adults (>70 years of age) hospitalized for acute medical conditions were randomly assigned to receive 40 mg a day of low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) or placebo for 6 to 14 days.

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Challenges and Lessons from Our VTE Prophylaxis TrialIn this Clinical Trials Case Study, the authors describe the challenges faced and lessons learned conducting a trial of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among hospitalized older adults.

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Background: Guidelines suggest but cannot recommend the optimal management of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT).

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at the time of SVT diagnosis, and to report the treatment and 3-month complications of patients with only SVT more than 3 cm from deep vein junction (or unknown distance).

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective review of patients referred to the Ottawa Hospital thrombosis unit with ultrasound (US)-diagnosed SVT, and followed patients with only SVT for 3 months.

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Background: We aimed to describe the event rates and risk-factors for symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding in a population of hospitalized acutely ill medical patients.

Methods: Patients ≥40 years old and hospitalized for acute medical illness who initiated enoxaparin prophylaxis were selected from the US Optum research database. Rates of symptomatic VTE and major bleeding at 90-days were estimated via the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method.

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Importance: Intensive interventions are provided to young children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), classically focused on the upper extremity despite the frequent impairment of gross motor function. Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) effectively improves manual dexterity and gross motor function in school-aged children.

Objective: To verify if HABIT-ILE would improve manual abilities in young children with UCP more than usual motor activity.

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Purpose: The aim of this work was to compare anatomic and functional dose-volume parameters as predictors of acute radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT) in patients with lung tumors treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Fifty-nine patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy were prospectively included. All patients underwent gallium 68 lung perfusion positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging before treatment.

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Background: The prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is approximately 11-17 % in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). The optimal diagnostic strategy for PE in these patients remains undetermined.

Aims: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of standard (revised Geneva and Wells PE scores combined with fixed D-dimer cut-off) and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA)-sparing diagnostic strategies (ADJUST-PE, YEARS, PEGeD, 4PEPS) in patients with AE-COPD.

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Introduction: While several risk stratification tools have been developed to predict the risk of recurrence in patients with an unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), only 1 in 4 patients are categorized as low-risk. Rather than a one-time measure, serial D-dimer assessment holds promise to enhance the prediction of VTE recurrence after oral anticoagulant (OAC) cessation.

Methods: Using the REVERSE cohort, we compared VTE recurrence among patients with normal D-dimer levels (<490 ng/mL among males under age 70, <500 ng/mL in others) at OAC cessation and 1-month follow-up, to those with an elevated D-dimer level at either timepoint.

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Importance: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a significant risk of locoregional recurrence within the first 2 years, with approximately two-thirds of patients experiencing such recurrence. While early recurrence detection may be associated with improved patient outcomes, the association of such detection with survival remains uncertain.

Objective: To investigate the association of an intensive posttreatment follow-up strategy using 18F-fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) with survival among patients with HNSCC.

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Background: We previously determined good agreement and high specificity of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) definition of pulmonary embolism (PE)-related death among an expert central adjudication committee (CAC). CACs are often composed of experts in the corresponding research field. Involving physician trainees in CACs would allow investigators to divide the workload and foster trainees' research experience.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers conducted a detailed meta-analysis involving 28,305 adult patients across various healthcare settings and developed a logistic regression model incorporating ten key predictors like age, sex, and previous medical history.
  • * The final model demonstrated high accuracy with a c-statistic of 0.87, showing it was more effective than existing algorithms (like the Wells score), although it slightly overestimated low probability cases.
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Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend indefinite anticoagulation for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objective: To estimate the benefit-harm tradeoffs of indefinite anticoagulation in patients with a first unprovoked VTE.

Design: Markov modeling study.

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