Correction of low levels of astigmatism.

Purpose: To reevaluate the analysis of the correction of astigmatism.

Setting: Academia, industry, and private practice.

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology.

Ultrastructural effects of an infrared handpiece on forehead and abdominal skin.

Background: Collagen fibril contraction has been shown to be associated with tissue tightening by nonablative skin rejuvenation. Transmission electron microscopy has proven to be an effective method for characterizing collagen contraction delivered by ablative and nonablative devices used on human skin.

Objective: The purpose of this two-part study was to evaluate ultrastructural changes in cadaveric forehead skin and live abdominal skin by transmission electron microscopy for different fluence levels using the Titan infrared handpiece (Cutera, Inc.