Estimation of deep percolation in agricultural soils utilizing a weighing lysimeter and soil moisture sensors.

Climate change has altered precipitation events over past decades which impacted groundwater recharge in Michigan due to erratic rainfall, sandy soils, runoff fluctuations, seasonal and frozen ground in winter. Deep percolation (DP), critical factor for groundwater balance and hydrological processes, plays a significant role in groundwater sustainability and agricultural water management. Estimation of DP is challenging task and relies on different methods including soil moisture sensors that provides real-time soil water content measurements and weighing lysimeters which offers precise estimation under laboratory conditions.