Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) is a client-centered treatment approach that was developed in the 1990s by occupational therapists. Exploring current evidence about the effectiveness of CO-OP on children with cerebral palsy (CP). Major electronic databases were searched.

Correction to 'Genome instability and pressure on non-homologous end joining drives chemotherapy resistance via a DNA repair crisis switch in triple negative breast cancer'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/nar/zcab022.].

Genome instability and pressure on non-homologous end joining drives chemotherapy resistance via a DNA repair crisis switch in triple negative breast cancer.

Chemotherapy is used as a standard-of-care against cancers that display high levels of inherent genome instability. Chemotherapy induces DNA damage and intensifies pressure on the DNA repair pathways that can lead to deregulation. There is an urgent clinical need to be able to track the emergence of DNA repair driven chemotherapy resistance and tailor patient staging appropriately.

ASC Modulates CTL Cytotoxicity and Transplant Outcome Independent of the Inflammasome.

The adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is known to facilitate caspase-1 activation, which is essential for innate host immunity via the formation of the inflammasome complex, a multiprotein structure responsible for processing IL1β and IL18 into their active moieties. Here, we demonstrated that ASC-deficient CD8 T cells failed to induce severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and had impaired capacity for graft rejection and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity. These effects were inflammasome independent because GVHD lethality was not altered in recipients of caspase-1/11-deficient T cells.

G9a-mediated repression of CDH10 in hypoxia enhances breast tumour cell motility and associates with poor survival outcome.

: Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental processes that can modulate gene expression, allowing cellular adaptation to environmental conditions. Hypoxia is an important factor known to initiate the metastatic cascade in cancer, activating cell motility and invasion by silencing cell adhesion genes. G9a is a histone methyltransferase previously shown to accumulate in hypoxic conditions.

Molecular basis of distinct oestrogen responses in endometrial and breast cancer.

Up to 80% of endometrial and breast cancers express oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Unlike breast cancer, anti-oestrogen therapy has had limited success in endometrial cancer, raising the possibility that oestrogen has different effects in both cancers. We investigated the role of oestrogen in endometrial and breast cancers using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in conjunction with cell line studies.

Granulocytes Are Unresponsive to IL-6 Due to an Absence of gp130.

IL-6 mediates broad physiological and pathological effects through its receptor signal transducing unit gp130. Due to the reportedly wide cellular expression of gp130, IL-6 is thought to signal ubiquitously via gp130 complex formation with membrane-bound IL-6Rα or soluble IL-6Rα. gp130 signaling primarily induces p-STAT3 and p-STAT1.

G9a drives hypoxia-mediated gene repression for breast cancer cell survival and tumorigenesis.

G9a is an epigenetic regulator that methylates H3K9, generally causing repression of gene expression, and participates in diverse cellular functions. G9a is genetically deregulated in a variety of tumor types and can silence tumor suppressor genes and, therefore, is important for carcinogenesis. Although hypoxia is recognized to be an adverse factor in tumor growth and metastasis, the role of G9a in regulating gene expression in hypoxia has not been described extensively.

Research priorities for the therapy professions in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland: a comparison of findings from a Delphi consultation.

Background: Allied health professions constitute a large and growing proportion of the healthcare workforce. As a collective they are involved in complex care interventions often within multidisciplinary teams and increasingly in community settings. Even though reliable information is lacking, some professions do appear to have developed an active research culture, whereas others are more limited in terms of research.

Histone deacetylase 7 promotes Toll-like receptor 4-dependent proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages.

Broad-spectrum inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) constrain Toll-like receptor (TLR)-inducible production of key proinflammatory mediators. Here we investigated HDAC-dependent inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages. Of the classical Hdacs, Hdac7 was expressed at elevated levels in inflammatory macrophages (thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages) as compared with bone marrow-derived macrophages and the RAW264 cell line.

Enhancing parental well-being and coping through a family-centred short course for Iranian parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder.

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) generally experience high levels of stress and report poorer emotional well-being and family functioning compared to parents of children with other disabilities. They also tend to rely on emotional rather than problem-focused coping strategies. Seven group-based sessions were offered to two groups of parents of children with ASD in Iran (37 in all).

Evaluation of the antigenic diversity of placenta-binding Plasmodium falciparum variants and the antibody repertoire among pregnant women.

Pregnant women are infected by specific variants of Plasmodium falciparum that adhere and accumulate in the placenta. Using serological and molecular approaches, we assessed the global antigenic diversity of surface antigens expressed by placenta-binding isolates to better understand immunity to malaria in pregnancy and evolution of polymorphisms and to inform vaccine development. We found that placenta-binding isolates originating from all major regions where malaria occurs were commonly recognized by antibodies in different populations of pregnant women.

Inulin-type prebiotics: a review. (Part 2).

This is part 2 of a two-part review of inulin-type prebiotics. This article discusses the clinical research on inulin-type prebiotics, including effects on infant nutrition, gastrointestinal health, colon cancer prevention, blood sugar and lipid metabolism, bone mineralization, fatty liver disease, obesity, and immunity. Gastrointestinal side effects and dosage recommendations are also considered.

Inulin-type prebiotics--a review: part 1.

This article is part 1 of a two-part review of inulin-type prebiotics. Prebiotics are a category of nutritional compounds grouped together by the ability to promote the growth of specific beneficial (probiotic) gut bacteria. Inulin-type prebiotics contain fructans of the inulin-type.

HIN-200 proteins regulate caspase activation in response to foreign cytoplasmic DNA.

The mammalian innate immune system is activated by foreign nucleic acids. Detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers characteristic antiviral responses and macrophage cell death. Cytoplasmic dsDNA rapidly activated caspase 3 and caspase 1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Smart home technologies for health and social care support.

Background: The integration of smart home technology to support health and social care is acquiring an increasing global significance. Provision is framed within the context of a rapidly changing population profile, which is impacting on the number of people requiring health and social care, workforce availability and the funding of healthcare systems.

Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of smart home technologies as an intervention for people with physical disability, cognitive impairment or learning disability, who are living at home, and to consider the impact on the individual's health status and on the financial resources of health care.

Culture or cult? The mythological nature of occupational therapy.

The willingness of occupational therapists to act on their shared beliefs and values has created knowledge and techniques that have been handed down from generation to generation, and, thus, have entered into what might be called the 'mythology' of occupational therapy. These myths arose from a set of shared philosophical assumptions that provided a sense of cultural identity. In the present article the authors compare the occupational therapy process to a mythical hero's journey in which the occupational therapist uses narrative reasoning to guide the client (the hero) through a rite of passage to a kind of rehabilitative rebirth.

Antibodies among men and children to placental-binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes that express var2csa.

During pregnancy, specific variants of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) can accumulate in the placenta through adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) mediated by expression of PfEMP1 encoded by var2csa-type genes. Antibodies against these variants are associated with protection from maternal malaria. We evaluated antibodies among Kenyan, Papua New Guinean, and Malawian men and Kenyan children against two different CSA-binding P.

Body temperature variability (Part 1): a review of the history of body temperature and its variability due to site selection, biological rhythms, fitness, and aging.

Body temperature is a complex, non-linear data point, subject to many sources of internal and external variation. While these sources of variation significantly complicate interpretation of temperature data, disregarding knowledge in favor of oversimplifying complex issues would represent a significant departure from practicing evidence-based medicine. Part 1 of this review outlines the historical work of Wunderlich on temperature and the origins of the concept that a healthy normal temperature is 98.

The interaction of cigarette smoking and antioxidants. Part III: ascorbic acid.

The requirement for antioxidant nutrients depends on a person's exposure to endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species. Since cigarette smoking results in an increased cumulative exposure to reactive oxygen species from both sources, it would seem cigarette smokers might have an increased requirement for antioxidant nutrients. This review examines available evidence of ascorbic acid supplementation and combinations of antioxidants as interventions in smokers and their effect on functional biomarkers of nicotine metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and endothelial function.

Agouti signal protein regulation in human melanoma cells.

Production of the pigment eumelanin is controlled by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) stimulation of melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), whereas production of pheomelanin results from agouti antagonism of alpha-MSH signalling through Mc1r. The role of agouti in mouse pigmentation has been extensively investigated but a role for agouti signalling protein (ASIP) in human pigmentation has not been determined. To determine whether ASIP regulates known melanogenic genes in humans, ASIP was over-expressed in a human melanoma cell line.

The interaction of cigarette smoking and antioxidants. Part 2: alpha-tocopherol.

It is logical that the requirement for antioxidant nutrients depends on a person's exposure to endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species. Since cigarette smoking results in an increased cumulative exposure to reactive oxygen species, it would seem cigarette smokers would have an increased requirement for antioxidant nutrients. This review examines available evidence of alpha-tocopherol supplementation by smokers and its effect clinically and on in vitro biomarkers of oxidative stress.

The interaction of cigarette smoking and antioxidants. Part I: diet and carotenoids.

It is logical that the requirement for antioxidant nutrients depends on a person's exposure to endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species. Since cigarette smoking results in an increased cumulative exposure to reactive oxygen species from both sources, it would seem cigarette smokers would have an increased requirement for antioxidant nutrients. Logic dictates that a diet high in antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and spices would be both protective and a prudent preventive strategy for smokers.