On a barrier height problem for RNA branching.

The branching of an RNA molecule is an important structural characteristic yet difficult to predict correctly, especially for longer sequences. Using plane trees as a combinatorial model for RNA folding, we consider the thermodynamic cost, known as the barrier height, of transitioning between branching configurations. Using branching skew as a coarse energy approximation, we characterize various types of paths in the discrete configuration landscape.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Atraumatic Spleen Laceration Presenting with Neck and Shoulder Pain.

Background: Infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a common infection with worldwide distribution; more than 90% of people have been infected by adulthood. One of the most feared, albeit rare, complications, occurring in less than 0.5% of those infected, is splenic injury or rupture.

Identification of protected avian species using a single feather barb.

We report on the unambiguous identification of protected avian species from as little as one barb of a feather. Many avian species are protected by international agreements and national legislation, yet they are traded illegally because of their high value. Two sections of the avian mitochondrial genome were chosen to identify bird species, being a 561-bp section of ND2 gene and a 921-bp section of the ND5 gene.

A parametric study on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes through arc-discharge in water.

A parametric study was carried out on a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis using 'arc-discharge in solution' (ADS). The carbon nanostructure yield as a function of time, the rate of erosion of the anode, and the rate of deposition of carbonaceous materials on the cathode electrode were investigated. Amperage dependent normalized kinetic parameters were evaluated.