Bacterial Epimerization as a Route for Deoxynivalenol Detoxification: the Influence of Growth and Environmental Conditions.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by several Fusarium species that infest wheat and corn. Food and feed contaminated with DON pose a health risk to both humans and livestock and form a major barrier for international trade. Microbial detoxification represents an alternative approach to the physical and chemical detoxification methods of DON-contaminated grains.

Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8.

Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application.

An epimer of deoxynivalenol: purification and structure identification of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol.

In an investigation of deoxynivalenol (DON)-transformation products by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8, the major product was identified as 3-epi-DON. This DON-transformation product was analysed by liquid chromatography and identified by congruent retention time and UV/Vis spectrum, as well as mass spectrometric data. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments including correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) were conducted for structural characterisation of 3-epi-DON.

Purification of deoxynivalenol from Fusarium graminearum rice culture and mouldy corn by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and is toxic to a wide range of organisms, including human beings and livestock. To produce large amounts of pure DON for research purposes, a novel method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Rice cultured with Fusarium graminearum and field mouldy corn infected by F.

Lateral Clipping of Canopy Influences the Microclimate and Development of Apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Carrots.

Four canopy management treatments were evaluated in carrot (Daucus carota) production in Bradford Marsh, Ontario, in 2001 and 2002: (i) unclipped control; (ii) unclipped canopy with manual removal of collapsed senescing leaves at 2-week intervals following the first appearance on the soil; (iii) lateral clipping of the canopy at the initial emergence of apothecia, leaving the debris in the furrow, and (iv) lateral clipping of the canopy with manual removal of the debris from the furrow. Clipping reduced the canopy width by ca. 20% on both sides of the carrot bed by cutting off overlapping leaves above the furrow and senescing foliage on the soil surface.

Evaluation of Composts for Suppression of Dollar Spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) of Turfgrass.

The use of composts in turfgrass disease management allows for a reduction in pesticide use in chemical control practices. Disease suppressive properties of composts rely on a number of factors including microbial activity, microbial population dynamics, nutrient concentrations, and other associated chemical and physical factors. Five composts were evaluated for suppression of dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa.