Risk Factors, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteoporosis in HIV-Infected Adults in an HIV Primary Care Clinic.

Background: The population of people living with HIV is aging, and with aging come emergent comorbidities, including osteoporosis, for which screening and treatment are becoming increasingly important. Osteoporosis prevalence among those living with HIV is 3 times greater than among HIV-uninfected controls.

Objective: To assess and describe osteoporosis risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for people 50 years of age or older living with HIV and receiving care at a multidisciplinary HIV primary care clinic.

Ankle brachial index screening for occult vascular disease is not useful in HIV-positive patients.

Metabolic complications common to the HIV-positive population may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) is a screening tool commonly used for the detection of asymptomatic PAD.

Low Prevalence of Elevated ApoB Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Not Receiving Lipid-Lowering Therapy.

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is known to be a better marker of CVD risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study investigated apoB levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

Sulfonylurea therapy is associated with increased NT-proBNP levels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Background: We sought to determine N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) levels among a population of individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to correlate these levels with diabetes medications and patient demographics.

Methods: We analyzed data from 506 patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared NT-proBNP levels of these patients with those from the general population.

Food insecurity and hunger are prevalent among HIV-positive individuals in British Columbia, Canada.

Hunger and food insecurity are important factors that may affect an individual's nutritional state and should therefore be assessed in nutrition surveillance activities. The objective of this study was to determine the level of food insecurity and hunger among HIV-positive persons accessing antiretroviral therapy in British Columbia. A cross-sectional study was performed in the BC HIV/AIDS drug treatment program, a province-wide source of free-of-charge antiretroviral medications.

Changes in lipids over twelve months after initiating protease inhibitor therapy among persons treated for HIV/AIDS.

Background: Protease inhibitors are known to alter the lipid profiles in subjects treated for HIV/AIDS. However, the magnitude of this effect on plasma lipoproteins and lipids has not been adequately quantified.

Objective: To estimate the changes in plasma lipoproteins and triglycerides occurring within 12 months of initiating PI-based antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS afflicted subjects.

Understanding the essentials of blood lipid metabolism.

The authors present an introduction to the basics of lipid metabolism including an overview of the structure and function of lipoproteins and a description of the pathways of lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in the context of cardiovascular disease, and appropriate intervention can have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The information presented herein will help to provide a foundation of knowledge on which to base the assessment and treatment of dyslipidemic patients.