Adolescent Distal Ulna Physeal Fracture with Extensor Retinaculum Interposition.

 Isolated distal ulna fractures are rare injuries and are commonly associated with distal radius fractures. Though most of them can be managed conservatively, few of them require open reduction due to the interposition of various structures.  In this case report, we report two cases of irreducible isolated distal ulna fractures in adolescents due to the interposition of the extensor retinaculum with its underlying tendons requiring open reduction to achieve bony union and distal radioulnar joint stability.

Intraspinal and Intracortical Delivery of AAV Vectors for Intersectional Circuit Tracing in Non-transgenic Species.

The mapping of long-range axonal projections is a rapidly growing endeavor in the field of neuroscience. Recent advances in the development of adeno-associated viral vectors that can achieve efficient retrograde transport now enable the characterization and manipulation of specific neuronal subpopulations using Cre-dependent, intersectional approaches. Importantly, these approaches can be applied to non-transgenic animals, making it possible to carry out detailed anatomical studies across a variety of species including nonhuman primates.