Selection of anionic exchange resins for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions.

Early elimination of natural organic matter (NOM) by ion exchange (IEX) in water treatment is expected to improve subsequent water treatment processes and the final drinking water quality. Nine anionic exchange resins were investigated to remove NOM and specific NOM fractions determined by liquid chromatography in combination with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM). Breakthrough of NOM was predicted by model calculations using Freundlich isotherms and IEX rate experiments.

Tissue macrophages are infected by human cytomegalovirus in vivo.

On the basis of in vitro experiments, it has been suggested that cells of hematopoietic origin play a major role in the pathogenesis and latency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). To elucidate the in vivo importance of hematopoietic cells in acute HCMV infection, tissue sections from various infected organs were investigated by immunohistochemical double-labeling analyses. Monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct viral and cellular antigens were used to identify infected macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, and lymphocytes.

Fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are major targets of human cytomegalovirus infection in lung and gastrointestinal tissues.

High titre replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in cell culture is restricted to primary human fibroblasts. During acute infection in vivo, HCMV nucleic acids and antigens have been found in various organs. Using only morphological criteria, inconsistent data have been reported about the cell types that can be infected by HCMV.

Presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early mRNA but not ppUL83 (lower matrix protein pp65) mRNA in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes during active HCMV infection.

During an active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, leukocytes, harbouring the HCMV lower matrix protein pp65 (ppUL83) are present in the peripheral blood and can be detected with the HCMV antigenaemia assay. In the present study, it was investigated whether the presence of pp65 in these cells was due to transcription of the virus genome or might be the result of uptake of this viral protein. Peripheral blood leukocytes of transplant recipients and AIDS patients with an active HCMV infection were investigated for the presence of HCMV immediate early (IE) antigen and pp65 using well characterized monoclonal antibodies, and for the presence of the corresponding mRNAs using non-radioactive in situ hybridization.

Ultrastructural analysis of circulating cytomegalic cells in patients with active cytomegalovirus infection: evidence for virus production and endothelial origin.

The presence of cytomegalic inclusion cells in the peripheral blood of patients with an active cytomegalovirus infection has recently been demonstrated. Immunologic staining showed that these cells were of endothelial origin. Study of circulating cytomegalic cells by transmission electron microscopy showed the cells to be productively infected with cytomegalovirus.

Circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected endothelial cells in patients with an active CMV infection.

In 10 of 14 patients with an active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, distinctive large cells (35-45 microns in diameter) were present in the peripheral blood. Morphologically these cells closely resembled the classic cytomegalic inclusion cells, generally regarded as a diagnostic hallmark of CMV infection. Moreover, these cells were shown to express CMV antigens belonging to all three stages of the viral replication cycle, indicating a productive CMV infection.