Neoplasia and Precursor Lesions of the Female Genital Tract in IBD: Epidemiology, Role of Immunosuppressants, and Clinical Implications.

In this review the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer and cervical and vulvovaginal (pre)malignant abnormalities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with or without immune suppressive treatment will be discussed. So far, this has not been studied thoroughly and large studies taking into account diverse potential confounding factors are lacking. IBD per se has not been associated with development of cervical cancer, yet patients with Crohn's disease who smoke, have a younger age at diagnosis or who use(d) thiopurines might be more at risk.