Experience with remote electronic portal imaging device-based dosimetric auditing for static and rotational intensity modulated radiotherapy.

The aim of this work was to evaluate results of a remote electronic portal imaging based dosimetric auditing method using Task-Group 218 clinical gamma evaluation criteria (3%,2 mm, 10% dose threshold). For intensity modulated radiation therapy the results were (mean ± 1 SD) 97.9 ± 4.

Genetics of constant and severe pain in the NAPS2 cohort of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis patients.

Recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis (RAP, CP) are complex, progressive inflammatory diseases with variable pain experiences impacting patient function and quality of life. The genetic variants and pain pathways in patients contributing to most severe pain experiences are unknown. We used previously genotyped individuals with RAP/CP from the North American Pancreatitis Study II (NAPS2) of European Ancestry for nested genome-wide associated study (GWAS) for pain-severity, chronicity, or both.

Evaluation of an improved picket fence style test for routine MLC positional QA.

Purpose: The aim was to develop and evaluate an EPID-based MLC positional test that addresses known weaknesses of the picket fence test and has sufficient accuracy so that the AAPM MPPG 8.b. MLC position action limit of ± 0.

3D Unsupervised deep learning method for magnetic resonance imaging-to-computed tomography synthesis in prostate radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-to-computed tomography (CT) synthesis is essential in MRI-only radiotherapy workflows, particularly through deep learning techniques known for their accuracy. However, current supervised methods are limited to specific center's learnings and depend on registration precision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of unsupervised and supervised approaches in the context of prostate MRI-to-CT generation for radiotherapy dose calculation.

CD20/MS4A1 is a mammalian olfactory receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators.

The mammalian olfactory system detects and discriminates between millions of odorants to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. While much has been learned about how olfactory sensory neurons detect odorants and signal their presence, how specific innate, unlearned behaviors are initiated in response to ethologically relevant odors remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the 4-transmembrane protein CD20, also known as MS4A1, is expressed in a previously uncharacterized subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium of the murine nasal cavity and functions as a mammalian olfactory receptor that recognizes compounds produced by mouse predators.

Blockade of TGF-β and PD-L1 by bintrafusp alfa promotes survival in preclinical ovarian cancer models by promoting T effector and NK cell responses.

Background: Failure of immunotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) may be due to high levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in ascites or tumour immune microenvironment (TIME). Here, we test whether coordinated blockade of TGF-β and PD-L1 with bintrafusp alfa (BA) can provoke anti-tumour immune responses in preclinical HGSC models.

Methods: BA is a first-in-class bifunctional inhibitor of TGF-β and PD-L1, and was tested for effects on overall survival and altered TIME in syngeneic HGSC models.

Combinatorial expression of neurexin genes regulates glomerular targeting by olfactory sensory neurons.

Precise connectivity between specific neurons is essential for the formation of the complex neural circuitry necessary for executing intricate motor behaviors and higher cognitive functions. While -interactions between synaptic membrane proteins have emerged as crucial elements in orchestrating the assembly of these neural circuits, the synaptic surface proteins involved in neuronal wiring remain largely unknown. Here, using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic and mouse genetic approaches, we uncover that the neurexin family of genes enables olfactory sensory neuron (OSNs) axons to form appropriate synaptic connections with their mitral and tufted (M/T) cell synaptic partners, within the mammalian olfactory system.

The impact of a regionally based translational cancer research collaborative in Australia using the FAIT methodology.

Background: Translating research, achieving impact, and assessing impact are important aspirations for all research collaboratives but can prove challenging. The Hunter Cancer Research Alliance (HCRA) was funded from 2014 to 2021 to enhance capacity and productivity in cancer research in a regional centre in Australia. This study aimed to assess the impact and benefit of the HCRA to help inform future research investments of this type.

Selenium reduction of ubiquinone via SQOR suppresses ferroptosis.

The canonical biological function of selenium is in the production of selenocysteine residues of selenoproteins, and this forms the basis for its role as an essential antioxidant and cytoprotective micronutrient. Here we demonstrate that, via its metabolic intermediate hydrogen selenide, selenium reduces ubiquinone in the mitochondria through catalysis by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase. Through this mechanism, selenium rapidly protects against lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in a timescale that precedes selenoprotein production, doing so even when selenoprotein production has been eliminated.

Intrafraction Motion and Margin Assessment for Ethos Online Adaptive Radiotherapy Treatments of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles.

Purpose: Online adaptive radiation therapy (OART) uses daily imaging to identify changes in the patient's anatomy and generate a new treatment plan adapted to these changes for each fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the intrafraction motion and planning target volume (PTV) margins required for an OART workflow on the Varian Ethos system.

Methods And Materials: Sixty-five fractions from 13 previously treated OART patients were analyzed for this retrospective study.

Prostate Virtual High-dose-rate Brachytherapy Boost: 5-Year Results from the PROMETHEUS Prospective Multicentre Trial.

Background And Objective: Despite the high efficacy of high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (HDRB) in the management of prostate cancer (PC), use of this approach is declining. Similar dosimetry can be achieved using stereotactic body radiotherapy or "virtual HDRB" (vHDRB). The aim of the multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 PROMETHEUS trial (ACTRN12615000223538) was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vHDRB in patients with PC.

The burden of recurrence acute pancreatitis and annual event rates are underestimated because of high rates of home self-management.

Background/objectives: The event-rate of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) in patient populations is critical for powering research studies. We hypothesize that some patients manage RAP attacks at home, reducing event rate estimations based on counting emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations only. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of home self-management of recurrent acute pancreatitis compared to ED visits and hospitalizations.

A deep learning model to generate synthetic CT for prostate MR-only radiotherapy dose planning: a multicenter study.

Introduction: For radiotherapy based solely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), generating synthetic computed tomography scans (sCT) from MRI is essential for dose calculation. The use of deep learning (DL) methods to generate sCT from MRI has shown encouraging results if the MRI images used for training the deep learning network and the MRI images for sCT generation come from the same MRI device. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate a generic DL model capable of generating sCTs from various MRI devices for prostate radiotherapy.

From odor to oncology: non-canonical odorant receptors in cancer.

Odorant receptors, traditionally associated with olfaction as chemoreceptors, have been increasingly recognized for their presence and diverse functions in various non-nasal tissues throughout the body. Beyond their roles in sensory perception, emerging evidence suggests a compelling interplay between odorant receptors and cancer progression as well. Alongside the canonical GPCR odorant receptors, dysregulation of non-canonical odorant receptors such as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), and membrane-spanning 4A family (MS4As) has been observed in various cancer types, suggesting their contributions to cancer progression.

Computed tomography synthesis from magnetic resonance imaging using cycle Generative Adversarial Networks with multicenter learning.

Addressing the need for accurate dose calculation in MRI-only radiotherapy, the generation of synthetic Computed Tomography (sCT) from MRI has emerged. Deep learning (DL) techniques, have shown promising results in achieving high sCT accuracies. However, existing sCT synthesis methods are often center-specific, posing a challenge to their generalizability.

The first clinical implementation of real-time 6 degree-of-freedom image-guided radiotherapy for liver SABR patients.

Purpose: Multiple survey results have identified a demand for improved motion management for liver cancer IGRT. Until now, real-time IGRT for liver has been the domain of dedicated and expensive cancer radiotherapy systems. The purpose of this study was to clinically implement and characterise the performance of a novel real-time 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) IGRT system, Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) for liver SABR patients.

Non-contrast based approach for liver function quantification using Bayesian-based intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging: A pilot study.

Purpose: Liver cirrhosis disrupts liver function and tissue perfusion, detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Assessing liver function at the voxel level with 13-b value intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) could aid in radiation therapy liver-sparing treatment for patients with early impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of IVIM-DWI for liver function assessment and correlate it with other multiparametric (mp) MRI methods at the voxel level.

Determination of acceptable Hounsfield units uncertainties via a sensitivity analysis for an accurate dose calculation in the context of prostate MRI-only radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy is moving from CT based to MRI guided planning, particularly for soft tissue anatomy. An important requirement of this new workflow is the generation of synthetic-CT (sCT) from MRI to enable treatment dose calculations. Automatic methods to determine the acceptable range of CT Hounsfield Unit (HU) uncertainties to avoid dose distribution errors is thus a key step toward safe MRI-only radiotherapy.

CD20 is a mammalian odorant receptor expressed in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that mediates innate avoidance of predators.

The mammalian olfactory system detects and discriminates between millions of odorants to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. While much has been learned about how olfactory sensory neurons detect odorants and signal their presence, how specific innate, unlearned behaviors are initiated in response to ethologically relevant odors remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the 4-transmembrane protein CD20, also known as MS4A1, is expressed in a previously uncharacterized subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium of the murine nasal cavity and functions as a mammalian odorant receptor that recognizes compounds produced by mouse predators.

Correction: ERK1/2 Signaling Plays an Important Role in Topoisomerase II Poison-Induced G2/M Checkpoint Activation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Repurposing Clemastine to Target Glioblastoma Cell Stemness.

Brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) and tumor cell plasticity promote glioblastoma (GBM) progression. Here, we demonstrate that clemastine, an over-the-counter drug for treating hay fever and allergy symptoms, effectively attenuated the stemness and suppressed the propagation of primary BTIC cultures bearing amplification. These effects on BTICs were accompanied by altered gene expression profiling indicative of their more differentiated states, resonating with the activity of clemastine in promoting the differentiation of normal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes.