Erenumab in chronic migraine: Experience from a UK tertiary centre and comparison with other real-world evidence.

Background And Purpose: Chronic migraine is a highly disabling primary headache disorder that is the most common diagnosis of patients seen at tertiary headache centres. Typical oral preventive therapies are associated with many limitations that impact their therapeutic utility. Erenumab was the first available calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody in the UK.

Flying into the hurricane: A case study of UAV use in damage assessment during the 2017 hurricanes in Texas and Florida.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have been used by disaster relief organizations in the United States since 2005. However, their place in the disaster response ecosystem-the standardization, utility, ethical, and legal challenges of drone use-remains largely unstudied. This case series describes how UAVs were used by two teams of responders for damage assessment purposes during the 2017 southeastern US Hurricanes Harvey and Irma.

Case Report of the Safety Assessment of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Use in a Patient With Cardiac Pacemaker: To Pulse or Not to Pulse?

Background: Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is an emerging neuromodulation method reported to be useful in migraine. Despite a low propensity for side effects, some concern with its use in patients with cardiac pacemakers has been expressed.

Case: We present a patient with chronic migraine with a cardiac pacemaker, who had tried unsuccessfully several migraine preventives with either poor efficacy or tolerability.

A Rights-based Approach to Information in Humanitarian Assistance.

Crisis-affected populations and humanitarian aid providers are both becoming increasingly reliant on information and communications technology (ICTs) for finding and provisioning aid. This is exposing critical, unaddressed gaps in the legal and ethical frameworks that traditionally defined and governed the professional conduct of humanitarian action. The most acute of these gaps is a lack of clarity about what human rights people have regarding information in disaster, and the corresponding obligations incumbent upon governments and aid providers.

The effect of titrated fentanyl on suppressed cough reflex in healthy adult volunteers.

Cough suppression is part of the pharmacodynamic profile of opioids. We investigated the impact of clinical doses of fentanyl on suppressing the cough reflex. Thirteen volunteers received 2 μg.

Introducing Adelaide dental students to a problem-based learning curriculum.

A course designed to introduce new students to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum in dentistry at the University of Adelaide is described. Australian students are admitted to the Adelaide dental course either directly from school (SL) or after one or more years of tertiary education (TT). The admissions process is designed to select academically able students who will flourish in a problem-based environment.

The birth of the RCMI Clinical Research Center is a joint venture of the University of Hawaii and Kapiolani Health.

Hawaii established a Clinical Research Center with collaboration from the University of Hawaii Pacific Biomedical Research Center, the John A. Burns School of Medicine and Kapiolani Health via a five year award from the Research Centers in Minority Institutions of the National Institutes of Health. Support offered includes consultative services for protocol design; epidemiological and biostatistical analysis; design of study forms; and data and specimen collection and analysis.

Expression of SQ10 (a preprorelaxin-like gene) in the pregnant rabbit placenta and uterus.

A Northern blot containing poly(A)+ RNA isolated from pregnant rabbit placenta, uterus, ovary, mammary gland, psoas muscle, and intestine was hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe to porcine preprorelaxin. Only the placenta and uterus exhibited high levels of a 1-kb mRNA that hybridized to the probe. Porcine preprorelaxin primers were used to generate and amplify cDNAs from placental and uterine poly(A)+ RNA.

Characteristics of the binding of 32P-labelled human relaxins to the human fetal membranes.

The two human relaxin genes termed H1 and H2 are expressed in the choriodecidua and placenta and have been proposed to act via specific receptors as local modulators of collagenolysis in the fetal membranes. Such receptors have been inferred, but not demonstrated, from studies of the effect of adding exogenous relaxin to these tissues. Thus conditions were optimized for the binding of 32P-labelled human relaxin H2 to membrane-enriched particulate fractions of human fetal membranes, amnion and chorion, with adhering decidua.

The human Leydig insulin-like (hLEY I-L) gene is expressed in the corpus luteum and trophoblast.

A novel member of the insulin superfamily has previously been shown to be expressed only in porcine pre and postnatal Leydig cells and its human analogue demonstrated in the human testes but not in other organs and hence has been tentatively termed Leydig insulin-like peptide (Ley I-L). However, we have detected hLey I-L gene expression in the cyclic human corpus luteum and trophoblast by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with primers selected from the published human Ley I-L sequence. Normal and neoplastic breast tissue and fetal membranes with adhering decidua did not express the gene.

Immunocytochemical identification of a relaxin-like protein in gastrointestinal epithelium and carcinoma: a preliminary report.

Immunostaining with antibodies to human relaxin (H2) suggests the presence of a relaxin-like peptide in the gastrointestinal tract and its tumours. The peptide is present in the cytoplasm of non-neoplastic cells at sites of cell exfoliation: the surface cells of the stomach, the small intestinal villi and the surface cells of the colon. It also occurs in the cytoplasm of gastric parietal cells and carcinomas of both the stomach and the colon.

The complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence of guinea pig endometrial prorelaxin.

The nucleotide sequence of the relaxin gene transcript in the endometrium of the late pregnant guinea pig has been determined. The strategy used was a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed from the mRNA sequence of porcine preprorelaxin, rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR, and blunt end cloning in M13 mp18. With heterologous primers, a 226-basepair (bp) segment of the guinea pig relaxin gene sequence was obtained and was used to design a guinea pig-specific primer for use with the rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR method.

Endometrial relaxin: effects of mastectomy in the cyclic and pregnant guinea pig.

Mastectomy in the guinea pig increases the incidence of still births and neonatal deaths compared with intact animals. The guinea pig has the endometrial gland cells (EGC) as the major source of relaxin, and this hormone has possible roles in uterine quiescence, cervical dilatation, and lengthening of the interpubic ligament in pregnancy. An effect of mastectomy on uterine relaxin has been sought by immunocytochemical localization during the estrous cycle, mid and late pregnancy and on endometrial relaxin gene expression in the late pregnant mastectomized animal by Northern analysis.

Expression of the human relaxin H1 gene in the decidua, trophoblast, and prostate.

Relaxin is a peptide hormone whose A- and B-chains are derived by posttranslational cleavage from a single 185-amino acid preprorelaxin. Two genes in the human genome (H1 and H2) code for two polypeptides significantly different in amino acid sequence. The full spectrum of biological activities of these two polypeptides has not been examined, but transcription appears to be limited to the H2 relaxin gene in the human corpus luteum.

Initiation of parturition and lactation in the sow: effects of delaying parturition with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

The synthetic progestagen, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was administered to sows in late pregnancy with the objective of slightly delaying the time of farrowing and thereby providing more marked associations between hormonal changes and the termination of pregnancy, and the initiation of farrowing and lactation in this species. MPA was administered orally (140 mg, twice daily) to eight sows in late pregnancy on days 112, 113 and 114 of gestation. Parturition was then induced to occur on day 116 by injecting 200 micrograms cloprostenol i.

Human relaxin in the amnion, chorion, decidua parietalis, basal plate, and placental trophoblast by immunocytochemistry and northern analysis.

Immunocytochemistry and Northern analysis were used to show that relaxin is a product of intrauterine tissues of pregnancy. In addition, tissues from a patient without ovaries had similar results on both immunocytochemistry and Northern analysis as tissues from intact patients. The parietal decidua was clearly the major source of relaxin within the uterus and the relaxin mRNA (1.

Relaxin detected by immunocytochemistry and northern analysis in the mammary gland of the guinea pig.

Relaxin is a product of the endometrial gland cells in the guinea pig. Mammary tissue was collected from intact cyclic animals, on days 35 and 63 of pregnancy, days 5 and 21 of lactation, and day 28 postpartum. Tissue was collected from six cyclic hysterectomized animals.

Identification of mRNA for relaxin in the endometrium of the pregnant guinea-pig.

The endometrium of late pregnant guinea-pigs was found to contain mRNA for relaxin. Poly(A)+RNA hybridized to 32P-labelled porcine relaxin-specific oligonucleotide probes. These probes corresponded to the C-peptide region of the prohormone.

Effect of relaxin on prostaglandin E production by human amnion: changes in relation to the onset of labour.

The effect of relaxin on prostaglandin E (PGE) production by human amnion in vitro was investigated. When amniotic discs were incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of relaxin, two distinct effects were observed. Discs prepared from women delivered by caesarean section before the onset of labour showed a significant decrease in PGE output at relaxin concentrations of 0.

Effect of porcine relaxin on the human umbilical artery.

Relaxin decreases human myometrial contractions in vitro; that effect is synergized by progesterone. We examined the effects of porcine relaxin on the contractility of isolated perfused human umbilical arterial strips in vitro. One experimental group received relaxin (1.

The effect of oestrogen and relaxin on uterine and cervical enzymes: collagenase, proteoglycanase and beta-glycuronidase.

Relaxin (Rlx) classically causes uterine quiescence during pregnancy and cervical dilatation prior to parturition. Its actions involve major changes in the components of the extracellular matrix of these tissues. The activities of three enzymes, collagenase, proteoglycanase and beta-glucuronidase, major determinants of the integrity of the extracellular matrix have been measured in the rat uterus and cervix in different reproductive states.

The human fetal membranes: a target tissue for relaxin.

The purpose of this study was to adduce further evidence for a paracrine role for human decidual relaxin (Rlx) in the remodelling of collagen in the fetal membranes in the peripartal period. The binding of [125I]porcine Rlx to membrane-enriched fractions from fetal membranes as well as from dispersed cells from the fetal membranes was used to demonstrate the presence of specific Rlx receptors. Rlx added in vitro to cultured amnion/chorion cells increased the release of plasminogen activator and collagenase into the medium.