Changes in insulin sensitivity and gut peptides 8 and 52 weeks after bariatric surgery or low-calorie diet.

The endocrine consequences of weight loss by bariatric surgery (BS) and caloric restriction are not fully understood but contribute to variable improvements in insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health. This study compared changes in insulin sensitivity and plasma concentrations of gut peptides 8 weeks and 1 year after BS and a low-calorie diet (LCD). Nineteen female patients with obesity self-selected BS (gastric bypass [n = 5] or sleeve gastrectomy [n = 7]) or LCD (n = 7) in this parallel-arm, prospective observational study.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based agents and weight loss composition: Filling the gaps.

Excess adiposity is at the root of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as first-line treatments for T2D based on significant weight loss results. The composition of weight loss using most diets consists of <25% fat-free mass (FFM) loss, with the remainder from fat stores.

Hybrid mHealth care: Patient perspectives of blended treatments for psychosis. A systematic review.

Background: mHealth interventions use mobile and wireless technologies to deliver aspects of healthcare, and have been extensively employed in mental health research, showcasing their potential to address the significant treatment gap. While numerous studies underscore the advantages and functionalities of mHealth, challenges persist regarding patient uptake and sustained engagement among individuals with psychosis spectrum disorder. This review aims to explore individual-level barriers and facilitators to engagement with hybrid digital systems, which involves the integration of digital tools alongside in-person care.

Autonomic and Enteric Profiling May Help Predict Response to Diverse Obesity Therapies.

Purpose: Changes in autonomic (ANS) and enteric nervous systems (ENS) may be involved in pathogenesis of obesity. We hypothesized that baseline autonomic and enteric parameters may predict outcomes of diverse obesity therapies.

Material And Methods: We studied ANS and ENS physiology in 37 patients (8 male, 29 female, age 45 years, weight 129.

Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.

The gut and brain communicate through bidirectional neural, endocrine, and immune signals to coordinate central nervous system activity with gastrointestinal function. Dysregulated inflammation can promote immune cell activation and increase entero-endocrine signaling and intestinal permeability; hence, a functional gut-brain axis is necessary for a healthy digestive system. The consumption of milk products can lead to gut discomfort via effects on gastrointestinal tract function and the inflammatory state, which, in turn, affect the brain.

'It Is Good to See the Person As a Whole Person and… Continue to Improve Our Psychologically Informed Working': A Thematic Analysis of Clinical Psychology Trainee Placements in Homelessness Settings.

Objectives: The National Framework for Inclusion Health identified the need for collaborative action between the NHS and third sector health to improve access and outcomes for Inclusion Health groups. Clinical psychology trainee placements in homelessness settings could be a valuable pathway to improving access to psychological support for people experiencing homelessness and the provision of clinical services, which is key to developing the workforce and a catalyst for the future recruitment of clinical psychologists in the third sector.

Methods: A qualitative evaluation was conducted using semistructured interviews to explore the perspectives of clinical psychology trainees, supervisors, staff in homelessness settings and a peer mentor.

A single exposure to 100% normo-baric oxygen therapy appears to improve sequence learning processes by increasing prefrontal cortex oxygen saturation.

Previously, we showed that a normo-baric 100 % oxygen treatment (NbOxTr) enhances motor learning processes, e.g., visuomotor adaptation (VMA) and sequence learning (SL).

Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-Ray Asorptiometry body composition parameter harmonisation to universalise adipose tissue measurements in a population-based cross-sectional study.

To harmonise computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition measurements allowing easy conversion in longitudinal assessments and across cohorts to assess cardiometabolic risk and disease. Retrospective cross-sectional observational study from 1996 to 2008 included participants in the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study (PCLS) (N = 1967; 571 African American/1396 White). Anthropometrics, whole-body DXA and abdominal CT images were obtained.

The homeless period: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Women experiencing homelessness are marginalized not only through their housing status but also through their access and ability to manage their menstrual health. Currently, there are no existing published reviews exploring this topic. This study aimed to begin closing that gap, by systematically reviewing the literature examining women's experiences of menstruation whilst being homeless.

The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Weight loss (WL) differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small; however, individual WL varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects, with carbohydrate-responsive genotypes losing more weight on high-carbohydrate diets (and vice versa for fat-responsive genotypes). We investigated whether 12-week WL (kg, primary outcome) differs between genotype-concordant and genotype-discordant diets.

A simple 100% normobaric oxygen treatment can substantially enhance sequence learning processes.

Motor learning processes are crucial for our everyday life, and improving skills by tailored interventions is of great clinical interest and value. Our previous work revealed a positive effect of normo-baric oxygen treatment on visuomotor adaptation. Here, we investigate whether it could positively affect sequence learning (SL) processes as well.

Reversal of diabetic retinopathy in two patients following the use of physiologic insulin Resensitization.

We followed two patients with diabetic retinopathy over the course of their treatment with physiologic Insulin resensitization. Both patients showed improvement of their diabetic retinopathy, after treatment.

Boost your brain: a simple 100% normobaric oxygen treatment improves human motor learning processes.

Introduction: Human motor learning processes are a fundamental part of our daily lives and can be adversely affected by neurologic conditions. Motor learning largely depends on successfully integrating cognitive and motor-related sensory information, and a simple, easily accessible treatment that could enhance such processes would be exciting and clinically impactful. Normobaric 100% oxygen treatment (NbOxTr) is often used as a first-line intervention to improve survival rates of brain cells in neurological trauma, and recent work indicates that improvements in elements crucial for cognitive-motor-related functions can occur during NbOxTr.

A Receptor Story: Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology and Physiologic Insulin Resensitization's Role as a Treatment Modality.

Physiologic insulin secretion consists of an oscillating pattern of secretion followed by distinct trough periods that stimulate ligand and receptor activation. Apart from the large postprandial bolus release of insulin, β cells also secrete small amounts of insulin every 4-8 min independent of a meal. Insulin resistance is associated with a disruption in the normal cyclical pattern of insulin secretion.

Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Importance: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals.

Objective: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections.

Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis.

Introduction: Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes.

Orlistat mouth rinse: Using the tongue to deliver antiobesity medication in a double-blind randomized crossover pilot trial.

Aim: To investigate the effects of an orlistat mouth rinse on the intake of a high-fat meal.

Methods: A double-blind, balanced order, crossover study was conducted in participants (n = 10, body mass index 25-30 kg/m ) assigned to receive placebo or orlistat (24 mg/mL) prior to a high-fat meal. Participants were divided into low- or high-fat consumers based on calories consumed from fat following placebo administration.

Safety and Tolerability of Whole Soybean Products: A Dose-Escalating Clinical Trial in Older Adults with Obesity.

Soybean products have nutrients, dietary fiber, and phytoalexins beneficial for cardiovascular and overall health. Despite their high consumption in Asian populations, their safety in Western diets is debated. We conducted a dose-escalating clinical trial of the safety and tolerability of soybean products in eight older adults (70-85 years) with obesity.

A scalable, virtual weight management program tailored for adults with type 2 diabetes: effects on glycemic control.

Background: The objective was to test the efficacy of a scalable, virtually delivered, diabetes-tailored weight management program on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This was a single arm, three-site clinical trial. Participants had baseline HbA1c between 7-11% and BMI between 27-50 kg/m.

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle is associated with physical performance before but not after simulated multi-stressor military operations.

Physical performance decrements observed during multi-stressor military operations may be attributed, in part, to cellular membrane dysfunction, which is quantifiable using phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Positive relationships between PhA and performance have been previously reported in cross-sectional studies and following longitudinal exercise training programs, but whether changes in PhA are indicative of acute decrements in performance during military operations is unknown. Data from the Optimizing Performance for Soldiers II study, a clinical trial examining the effects of exogenous testosterone administration on body composition and performance during military stress, was used to evaluate changes in PhA and their associations with physical performance.