Quantification of racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems in light of different methodological approaches.

Aim: We applied the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare to estimate disparities in alcohol-related problems. This estimation involved adjusting for drinking patterns, gender and age, with observed disparities further explained by socioeconomic status (SES). We compared results of five statistical approaches which use different methods for adjusting covariates.

Harms from others' drinking among college students: Prevalence and risk factors, 2022.

Introduction: Alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) refers to the negative effects experienced by individuals other than the drinker. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of AHTOs among US college students (sophomores/juniors), based on the first national probability-based survey conducted in 20 years.

Methods: We assessed AHTOs in the fall of 2021 from 1918 participants across 46 US schools, weighting the data to reflect the US undergraduate sophomore/junior population.

Changes in US drinking and alcohol use disorders associated with social, health, and economic impacts of COVID-19.

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic increased alcohol consumption in the USA as a result of widespread individual changes in drinking patterns. Few studies have utilized longitudinal data allowing the prediction of increased or decreased drinking from COVID-19 economic, social, and health impacts.

Methods: Data are from 1819 respondents in the 2019-20 National Alcohol Survey and a one-year follow-up in early 2021.

Harms from others' drinking and key indicators of the college experience in the United States.

Objective: More than half of United States college students are harmed by the drinkers around them. If findings from research on adults generalize to college students, then there will be consequences associated with these alcohol-related harms to others (AHTOs). This study aimed to determine whether harms from others' drinking were associated with key academic and mental health indicators of the college experience.

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Health harms that discourage alcohol consumption: A randomized experiment of warning messages.

Background: Health warnings about alcohol consumption could inform consumers and discourage alcohol consumption, but little is known about what topics these warnings should address. We sought to identify promising topics for alcohol warnings.

Methods: In January 2024, we recruited a convenience sample of 2,522 US adults ages ≥ 21 years.

Use of Proteomics for Dietary Reconstruction: A Case Study Using Animal Teeth from Ancient Mesopotamia.

This research examines animal teeth from Early Dynastic (2900-2350 BCE) Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) to assess animal management practices and identify consumption patterns in animal diets. The objective to answer larger questions about food management and environmental resilience in ancient early complex societies in the Near East was achieved by the use of mass spectrometry-based proteomics for dietary reconstruction. Dietary MS, a revolutionary new methodology applying proteomics techniques to archeological sample sets to reconstruct ancient animal diet.

Drinking contexts, coping motive, simultaneous cannabis use, and high-intensity drinking among adults in the United States.

Aims: High-intensity drinking (HID), extreme drinking considerably above the level of heavy episodic drinking (HED), is associated with long-term health and social consequences. There is limited understanding of HID beyond young adulthood. This study aims to identify concurrent risk factors for HID, comparing age differences among all adults.

Prevalence and Correlates of Alcohol and Drug Harms to Others: Findings From the 2020 U.S. National Alcohol Survey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence and overlap of secondhand harms from other people's use of alcohol, cannabis, opioids, or other drugs and examine sociodemographic and other correlates of these secondhand harms.

Method: This cross-sectional analysis used data from 7,799 respondents (51.6% female; 12.

Secondhand Harms From Cannabis Use: Findings From Washington State, United States.

Objective: There are few studies on harms attributed to others' cannabis use. We assessed individual- and contextual-level correlates of secondhand harms from cannabis use and considered whether cannabis legalization support, along with cannabis user status, predicted such harms.

Method: Data were from five repeated cross-sectional, state-representative telephone surveys of Washington State residents ages 18 and older, years 2014-2016.

Long-term trends in beverage-specific drinking in the National Alcohol Surveys: Differences by sex, age, and race and ethnicity.

Background: Despite substantial declines in underage drinking and binge drinking, alcohol consumption has increased in the past 30 years. This study examined how beverage-specific drinking patterns varied by sex, age, and race and ethnicity from 1979 to 2020.

Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from the National Alcohol Survey series from 1979 to 2020 of a sample of U.

Pediatric Oral Health Service Access in Racial/Ethnic Minority Neighborhoods: A Geospatial Analysis in Washington, D.C., USA.

Oral health plays a crucial role in overall well-being. One of the goals set by the US Department of Health and Human Service, Healthy People 2030 is to reducing dental caries in children and adolescents. The study aims to investigate the accessibility of pediatric dental care in neighborhoods with mixed-race and predominantly African American populations in the Washington District of Columbia (DC) area.

Retrospective Review of Positive Newborn Screening Results for Isovaleric Acidemia and Development of a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of Newborn Screening in the UK.

Since the UK commenced newborn screening for isovaleric acidemia in 2015, changes in prescribing have increased the incidence of false positive (FP) results due to pivaloylcarnitine. A review of screening results between 2015 and 2022 identified 24 true positive (TP) and 84 FP cases, with pivalate interference confirmed in 76/84. Initial C5 carnitine (C5C) did not discriminate between FP and TP with median (range) C5C of 2.

Associations between simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis and cannabis-related problems in 2014-2016: evidence from the Washington panel survey.

Background: To address the research question of how simultaneous users of alcohol and cannabis differ from concurrent users in risk of cannabis use problems after the recreational marijuana legalization in Washington State.

Methods: We used generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution to analyze the association between simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana (SAM) and cannabis-related problems compared to concurrent use. The data is a longitudinal sample of drinkers and cannabis users (n = 257, 47% female) aged 18 years and older from Washington State in 2014-2016.

Life-course Accumulated Cannabis Use and Recent Cannabis-related Problems in the Washington Panel Survey.

Background: Previous studies have only investigated the short-term association of recent cannabis use with cannabis-related problems, without accounting for the onset, duration, and variations in frequency of use in the life-course.

Methods: We obtained data from the Washington panel survey during 2014-2016. We constructed accumulated lifetime exposure to cannabis use, heavy drinking (5+ drinks on one occasion), and cigarette pack-years from age of onset based on a series of decades-based questions on cannabis use and heavy drinking, and tobacco use history.

Estimating Web Survey Mode and Panel Effects in a Nationwide Survey of Alcohol Use.

Random-digit dialing (RDD) telephone surveys are challenged by declining response rates and increasing costs. Many surveys that were traditionally conducted via telephone are seeking cost-effective alternatives, such as address-based sampling (ABS) with self-administered web or mail questionnaires. At a fraction of the cost of both telephone and ABS surveys, opt-in web panels are an attractive alternative.

Designing Effective Alcohol Warnings: Consumer Reactions to Icons and Health Topics.

Introduction: New warning labels for alcohol could reduce alcohol-related health harms. This study examined consumer responses to alcohol warnings with different designs.

Methods: A national sample of 3,051 U.

Beverage- and Context-Specific Alcohol Consumption During COVID-19 in the United States: The Role of Alcohol To-Go and Delivery Purchases.

Objective: Alcohol delivery and to-go sales may contribute to changes in drinking patterns, including where and what people drink. This study tested whether home delivery and to-go alcohol purchases were associated with context- and beverage-specific consumption volumes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic after adjusting for pre-pandemic consumption volumes.

Method: Data from a pre-pandemic panel were compared to a during-pandemic panel of the National Alcohol Survey ( = 1,150 adult drinkers, 52.

Characteristics associated with buying alcohol to-go and for delivery during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among a national sample of US adults.

Introduction: This study: (i) determined the population coverage of alcohol delivery and to-go/carryout policies (i.e., policies permitting bars/restaurants to sell individual drinks for off-site consumption) in 2019 and 2020; and (ii) identified characteristics associated with alcohol delivery and to-go purchases.

Changes in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in the first two years (2018 - 2020) of San Francisco's tax: A prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are a promising strategy to decrease SSB consumption, and their inequitable health impacts, while raising revenue to meet social objectives. In 2016, San Francisco passed a one cent per ounce tax on SSBs. This study compared SSB consumption in San Francisco to that in San José, before and after tax implementation in 2018.

High Intensity Drinking (HID) Assessed by Maximum Quantity Consumed Is an Important Pattern Measure Adding Predictive Value in Higher and Lower Income Societies for Modeling Alcohol-Related Problems.

Adjusting for demographics and standard drinking measures, High Intensity Drinking (HID), indexed by the maximum quantity consumed in a single day in the past 12 months, may be valuable in predicting alcohol dependence other harms across high and low income societies. The data consisted of 17 surveys of adult (15,460 current drinkers; 71% of total surveyed) in Europe (3), the Americas (8), Africa (2), and Asia/Australia (4). Gender-disaggregated country analyses used Poison regression to investigate whether HID (8-11, 12-23, 24+ drinks) was incrementally influential, beyond log drinking volume and HED (Heavy Episodic Drinking, or 5+ days), in predicting drinking problems, adjusting for age and marital status.

Inequitable access to general and behavioral healthcare in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic: A role for telehealth?

Wide-ranging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased psychological distress and alcohol consumption, and disproportionate hardship for disadvantaged groups. Early in the pandemic, telehealth services were expanded to maintain healthcare access amidst lockdowns, medical office closures, and fear of infection. This study examines general and behavioral healthcare access and disparities during the first year of the pandemic.

Predictors of alcohol screening quality in a US general population sample and subgroups of heavy drinkers.

Alcohol screening is one of the most cost-effective clinical preventive services and important for intervening in the development of alcohol problems. We examine predictors of the quality of alcohol screening, approximated by which is a prerequisite for appropriate counseling, and compare conventional regression approach with Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Data come from the 2020 National Alcohol Survey, a population survey of US adults aged 18 years and over.