Publications by authors named "Greene M"
Background: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is committed to conducting research that improves the health and quality of life of veterans. Mentorship is vital for developing and advancing a novice VA investigator's research agenda; however, there are several barriers to effective research mentorship.
Observations: The VA Clinical Research Mentorship Program was developed to assist clinician investigators with writing and submitting competitive grant applications.
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA and is highly preventable, with early screening vital for improving outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate adherence rates of multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing, following updated guidelines recommending screening starting at age 45.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used aggregated data from Exact Sciences Laboratories LLC, examining new users (first-time testers) aged 45-85 with commercial, Medicare, or Medicaid insurance who received mt-sDNA test kits (point-of-care) between January 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023.
Introduction: Physical Activity (PA) and its links to frailty, quality of life (QoL), and other comorbidities in older Ugandans living with HIV remain under-explored.
Methods: We analyzed data from three annual assessments of older people living with HIV (PLWH) and age- and sex-similar people not living with HIV (PnLWH). We fitted linear generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models to estimate the correlates of PA, including demographics, frailty, QoL, HIV, and other comorbidities.
Diffraction imaging of cells allows rapid phenotyping by the response of intracellular molecules to coherent illumination. However, its ability to distinguish numerous types of human leukocytes remains to be investigated. Here, we show that accurate classification of three lymphocyte subtypes can be achieved with features extracted from cross-polarized diffraction image (p-DI) pairs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence on the effectiveness and implementation of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions for men in humanitarian settings is limited. Moreover, engagement and retention of men in such interventions has been challenging. Adaptations may therefore be required to improve the appropriateness and acceptability of these interventions for men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.
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- Human observers tend to name objects using a mid-level of specificity called the basic level, despite the existence of multiple descriptive levels (e.g., "parka" vs. "clothing").
- In a study, 1080 objects were shown while researchers recorded EEG to understand how quickly and dynamically the brain retrieves information about these object categories.
- The findings revealed that the brain utilizes basic-level category information rapidly (starting around 50 ms after seeing an object) and that the processing of different task demands becomes apparent between 200-300 ms after the object is presented.
Article Synopsis
- ALSUntangled examines alternative treatments for ALS, focusing on psilocybin, a psychedelic compound from mushrooms.
- Psilocybin may theoretically help slow ALS due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and influence neurogenesis and inflammation, but there's no existing research specifically on its effects in ALS patients.
- Due to potential risks of psychological side effects and lack of supporting evidence, the use of psilocybin for ALS progression is not currently endorsed.
Introduction/aim: Patients with myotonic dystrophy type1 (DM1) have reduced lifespan. This study aimed to quantify mortality risks, and evaluate causes and time trends in DM1.
Methods: We identified 1021 DM1 patients and 15,104 matched DM1-free controls from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Objectives: To describe member adherence to a mail-based, health insurer-sponsored gap closure program for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA; Cologuard) tests.
Methods: Combined patient data from Exact Sciences Laboratories LLC and data from mass-mailed mt-sDNA orders placed by a large Medicare Advantage Insurance Plan were analyzed (03/01/2023-06/30/2023). Adherence and time to test return were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.
Article Synopsis
- Older people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly women, face a high prevalence of geriatric syndromes, with a study in Kampala, Uganda, finding that 94.4% of participants aged 60 and older had at least one syndrome.
- Women demonstrated significantly higher rates of frailty, cognitive impairment, and falls compared to men, revealing important sex differences in health outcomes.
- Factors such as older age, low education, being underweight, advanced HIV stages, and having multiple non-communicable diseases were associated with a greater number of geriatric syndromes, highlighting the need for targeted healthcare strategies for this population.
Background/objectives: Tumor microenvironmental hypoxia is an established hallmark of solid tumors. It significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance and has been reported to affect the balance of activating/inhibitory surface receptors' expression and activity on NK cells. In the current study, we investigated the impact of hypoxia on the surface expression of Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 (Sig-7/9) and their ligands in NK cells and tumor target cells.
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- Carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were studied to determine their risk of developing cancers during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (CAYA).
- Analysis of data from over 47,000 individuals revealed that while young women with BRCA1/2 mutations had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in their 20s, no increased risk was found for other types of CAYA cancers.
- The study concluded that there's little evidence to support routine genetic testing for children of BRCA1/2 carriers or for young cancer patients, as the overall cancer risk appears low aside from breast cancer in young women.
Background: Poverty is a key social determinant of mental health among forcibly displaced persons. This study aimed to design and pilot test a strategy to integrate existing mental health and economic inclusion interventions for displaced families in Ecuador.
Methods: We conducted a series of qualitative interviews (n = 30), focus groups (n = 6), and workshops (n = 3) to develop a set of strategies for integrating cross-cutting and focused mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) strategies into an existing economic inclusion program for displaced families in Quito.
Background: Breast cancer predominantly affects women and poses challenges in the treatment of both local and advanced diseases. In a previous study, we reported the effectiveness of ER121, a structurally resolved small compound specifically designed to target human cancers expressing or overexpressing mutant EGFR and HER2.
Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and toxicity of ER121 in metastatic and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC, HER2+) cells and tumor models.
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- Migrants and refugees often struggle with mental health issues but have limited access to proper services, prompting this study to explore ways to deliver psychological support in Colombia using a group intervention called gPM+.
- The study compared two training methods for nonspecialists delivering gPM+: one receiving support from a psychologist and the other from a trained nonspecialist, enrolling 128 distressed adult women in the process.
- Results showed higher attendance in the psychologist-supported group, but the trained nonspecialist group was more cost-effective and maintained fidelity in delivering the program, highlighting the potential for using community-based methods for mental health interventions.
Objective: The confluence of conflict-, climate-, and public health-related emergencies in Mozambique increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few brief screening tools for PTSD have been validated in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to validate the five-item Primary Care PTSD Screen for the (5th ed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The inpatient setting is a challenging clinical environment where systems and situational factors predispose clinicians to making diagnostic errors. Environmental complexities limit trialing of interventions to improve diagnostic error in active inpatient clinical settings. Informed by prior work, we piloted a multi-component intervention designed to reduce diagnostic error to understand its feasibility and uptake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/hypoxia-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes have been used to model inflamed and insulin-resistant adipose tissue: this study examines gaps in the model. We tested whether modulating TNF-α/hypoxia treatment time could reduce cell death while still inducing inflammation and insulin resistance. Adipocytes were treated with TNF-α (12 h or 24 h) and incubated in a hypoxic chamber for 24 h.
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- - The Wahls diet is a specialized version of the Paleolithic diet, focusing on nutrient-rich foods like leafy greens and omega-3 fatty acids while limiting processed foods and sugars, aiming to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
- - While some studies link components of the Wahls diet, like high carotenoids and omega-3s, to reduced ALS risk, there is no solid evidence proving it slows ALS progression, with conflicting results from animal model research.
- - Additionally, the Wahls diet has led to significant weight loss in people with multiple sclerosis, raising concerns since weight loss can worsen ALS, leading to the conclusion that the diet shouldn't be endorsed for ALS patients.
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- Older individuals living with HIV face both stigma and various age-related health issues, making them more vulnerable to loneliness and social isolation.
- Group singing has shown promise in improving psychosocial well-being among older adults in general, but its effects specifically on individuals with HIV stigma had not been thoroughly investigated.
- This study developed the "United Voices" program, a 12-week hybrid group-singing intervention, which was adapted to address loneliness and social isolation in older people living with HIV through community feedback and the ADAPT-ITT framework.*
We introduce the Visual Experience Dataset (VEDB), a compilation of more than 240 hours of egocentric video combined with gaze- and head-tracking data that offer an unprecedented view of the visual world as experienced by human observers. The dataset consists of 717 sessions, recorded by 56 observers ranging from 7 to 46 years of age. This article outlines the data collection, processing, and labeling protocols undertaken to ensure a representative sample and discusses the potential sources of error or bias within the dataset.
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- There's a growing number of older people (50+) with HIV in Uganda, and sleep problems are common for them.
- A study looked at how different factors like depression and loneliness affect sleep quality in these older folks with and without HIV.
- Most participants said their sleep was good, but those with depression had worse sleep quality, which suggests helping with depression could also help them sleep better.
Consumption of ergot alkaloids during the second half of gestation has been shown to decrease umbilical artery vasoactivity resulting in decreased birth weights. Negative vascular effects of ergot alkaloids are mediated predominantly through serotonergic and adrenergic receptors in other tissues. Vasoactivity of serotonin (5-HT) receptors 5-HT and 5-HT in umbilical artery and vein from ewes receiving endophyte-infected seed (E + 1.
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