Ultra-brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (for routine primary care visits: Feasibility and acceptability of a brief provider training workshop.

Introduction: Most Americans with symptoms of depression and anxiety receive treatment exclusively from their primary care providers (PCPs). Existing primary care interventions typically do not occur within the initial patient interaction, rely on delivery by mental health specialists, and have lengthy training programs. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the training workshop for an ultra-brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (UB-CBT) single-session intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms that was developed to address these barriers.

"MS4 Report": a Student-Led and Remote Model for Case-Based Learning in Preparation for Residency.

Case-based conference preparation is a valuable skill rarely covered in medical school training. We implemented an innovative program to teach fourth-year medical students to prepare and facilitate a virtual case presentation conference with faculty mentorship. Feedback survey results indicated improved confidence in case presentation and in establishing a broad differential.

Tuberculosis among individuals with community-acquired pneumonia presenting to emergency in Gaborone, Botswana.

Delays in diagnosing Tuberculosis (TB) are associated with increased transmission. TB may present as a clinical syndrome that mimics community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this paper was to determine frequency of TB among patients with CAP at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana.

A Cross-Cultural Study of Punishment Beliefs and Decisions.

The current research examined cultural similarities and differences in punishment beliefs and decisions. Participants were European Americans ( N = 50), Chinese Americans ( N = 57), and Chinese in Mainland China ( N = 50). The Functions of Punishment Questionnaire was used to measure participants' beliefs about the retributive or deterrent functions of punishment and a scenario method was used to measure the extent to which punishment decisions were driven by individuals' concerns for retribution or deterrence.

Does children's moral compass waver under social pressure? Using the conformity paradigm to test preschoolers' moral and social-conventional judgments.

The current study tested whether preschoolers' moral and social-conventional judgments change under social pressure using Asch's conformity paradigm. A sample of 132 preschoolers (Mage=3.83years, SD=0.

Gender Interacts with Opioid Receptor Polymorphism A118G and Serotonin Receptor Polymorphism -1438 A/G on Speed-Dating Success.

We examined an understudied but potentially important source of romantic attraction-genetics-using a speed-dating paradigm. The mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G (rs1799971) and the serotonin receptor (HTR2A) polymorphism -1438 A/G (rs6311) were studied because they have been implicated in social affiliation. Guided by the social role theory of mate selection and prior genetic evidence, we examined these polymorphisms' gender-specific associations with speed-dating success (i.

High-school seniors' college enrollment goals: Costs and benefits of ambitious expectations.

High school students with high long-term educational expectations attain higher levels of education than those with lower expectations. Less studied is the role of students' short-term college enrollment expectations for the year after high school graduation. The purpose of the current study was to examine the costs and benefits of ambitious short-term expectations and the impact of falling short of these expectations on mental health, motivation, and educational outcomes.

Locus of control and peer relationships among Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and African American adolescents.

Past research has shown that locus of control plays an important role in a wide range of behaviors, such as academic achievement and positive social behaviors. However, little is known about whether locus of control plays the same role in minority adolescents' peer relationships. The current study examined ethnic differences in the associations between locus of control and peer relationships in early adolescence using samples from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K: 5,612 Caucasian, 1,562 Hispanic, 507 Asian, and 908 African-American adolescents) and the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS: 8,484 Caucasian, 1,604 Hispanic, and 860 Asian, and 1,228 African American adolescents).

Striving for educational and career goals during the transition after high school: what is beneficial?

The present study takes a motivational perspective that views youths' educational and career engagement as influential and potentially competing for the same motivational resources in the transition to adulthood. We investigated whether motivational engagement with educational and career goals in the year after high-school graduation was differentially associated with educational, career-related and subjective well-being outcomes 2 and 4 years after school graduation. Our longitudinal study of a multi-ethnic sample of Los Angeles high-school graduates followed participants 2 years (N = 561; 61.

Emotion experience and regulation in China and the United States: how do culture and gender shape emotion responding?

Culture and gender shape emotion experience and regulation, in part because the value placed on emotions and the manner of their expression is thought to vary across these groups. This study tested the hypothesis that culture and gender would interact to predict people's emotion responding (emotion intensity and regulatory strategies). Chinese (n=220; 52% female) and American undergraduates (n=241; 62% female) viewed photos intended to elicit negative emotions after receiving instructions to either "just feel" any emotions that arose (Just Feel), or to "do something" so that they would not experience any emotion while viewing the photos (Regulate).

Are youths' feelings of entitlement always "bad"?: Evidence for a distinction between exploitive and non-exploitive dimensions of entitlement.

Previous personality research (e.g., Campbell et al.

The role of important non-parental adults (VIPs) in the lives of older adolescents: a comparison of three ethnic groups.

Previous research has consistently documented the importance of VIPs (mentors or important non-parental adults) in the lives of adolescents. Little is known, however, about whether VIPs play the same important roles across ethnic groups and whether VIPs remain influential when adolescents are older and involved in romantic relationships. The present study compared VIPs of 355 Hispanic, Asian, and European American older adolescents (age range = 17-19 years; M = 18.

Gender-specific expression of the DRD4 gene on adolescent delinquency, anger and thrill seeking.

The present study investigated gender differences in the associations between the DRD4 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and adolescent delinquency, short temper and thrill seeking. We also explored whether the gender-specific expression of the DRD4 can be explained by gender differences in the exposure to psychosocial risks, such as poor parent-child relationship. Participants were 263 14- to 17-year olds (50% males) living in Russia.

Adolescents' response to parental efforts to influence eating habits: when parental warmth matters.

Previous findings have shown both beneficial and adverse effects of parents' attempts to influence adolescents' eating habits. The current study examined the differential effect of parents' persuasion (e.g.

Shared agency with parents for educational goals: ethnic differences and implications for college adjustment.

This study proposed and confirmed three ways in which college students can perceive shared agency and two ways in which they can perceive non-shared agency with parents when pursuing educational goals in college. Differences and similarities were examined among participants from four ethnic backgrounds (N = 515; 67% female): East Asian American, Southeast Asian American, Filipino/Pacific Islander American, and European American. Results indicated that Asian American youth reported higher levels of non-shared agency with parents (i.

Effects of MnSOD-plasmid liposome gene therapy on antioxidant levels in irradiated murine oral cavity orthotopic tumors.

Intraoral manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-plasmid liposome (PL) radioprotective gene therapy prolongs the survival of mice with orthotopic oral cavity tumors within the irradiated field. To determine whether the mechanism involved effects in antioxidant pool, C57BL/6J mice bearing orthotopic oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma SCC-VII tumors received intraoral or intravenous MnSOD-PL gene therapy 24 h prior to 18 Gy irradiation to the head and neck region. Glutathione (GSH) levels and levels of radiation-generated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were measured in orthotopic tumors and in adjacent oral mucosa.

Increased longevity of hematopoiesis in continuous bone marrow cultures derived from NOS1 (nNOS, mtNOS) homozygous recombinant negative mice correlates with radioresistance of hematopoietic and marrow stromal cells.

Objective: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, mitochondrial NOS, neuronal NOS) homozygous deletion recombinant negative mice demonstrate ionizing irradiation resistance in vivo, attributable to the decrease in mitochondrial-localized production of peroxynitrite, a potent lipid toxic free radical species resulting from the combination of nitric oxide and superoxide. The present studies were designed to determine whether reduced mitochondrial generation of toxic radical oxygen species in NOS1-/- mice also increased the longevity of hematopoiesis in continuous bone marrow cultures and conferred radioresistance to cells in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) were established from NOS1-/- and NOS1+/+ littermate mice.

Increased radioresistance, g(2)/m checkpoint inhibition, and impaired migration of bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from Smad3(-/-) mice.

Smad3 protein is a prominent member of the Tgfb receptor signaling pathway. Smad3(-/-) mice display decreased radiation-induced skin fibrosis, suggesting a defect in both Tgfb-mediated fibroblast proliferation and migration. We established bone marrow stromal cell lines from Smad3(-/-) mice and homozygous littermate(+/+) mice.

Thalidomide radiosensitization of normal murine hematopoietic but not squamous cell carcinoma or multiple myeloma tumor cell lines.

Background: Thalidomide (TL), due to its antiangiogenic effects, has been postulated to be a potential radiosensitizer of multiple myeloma and squamous tumors in vivo.

Materials And Methods: To determine whether TL was a radiosensitizer, 32D cl 3 cells (hematopoietic progenitor) as well as SCC-VII (squamous cell carcinoma), OPM1 or OPM2 (multiple myeloma) tumor cells were irradiated to doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy and then plated in 0, 50 or 150 microM TL in each of three protocols: i) 1 hour before irradiation; ii) 1 hour before irradiation and also in medium following irradiation; or iii) placed in TL containing medium following irradiation.

Results: Using 150 microM TL (which did not stimulate cell growth) the 32D cl 3 cells had increased radiation sensitivity compared to the control irradiated cells.

Understanding depressed mood in the context of a family-oriented culture.

This study examined the contribution of individual and family variables to depressive symptoms among youths in a family-centered culture. Participants were 262 Mexican adolescents (mean age = 15.9 years).

The nature of adolescents' relationships with their "very important" nonparental adults.

As part of a larger program of research on the nature of adolescents' relationships with very important nonparental adults (hereafter referred to as "VIPs"), a community sample of 243 eleventh graders (mean age = 16.6 years) was surveyed, and a subgroup of 55 adolescents and their VIPs were interviewed about the nature and quality of their relationships. Results showed that (a) adolescent-VIP relationships were a normative component of adolescent development, not a result of problems in adolescents' lives; (b) adolescent-VIP relationships were generally of high quality (e.

Close relationships between Asian American and European American college students.

The authors examined attitudes and behaviors regarding close relationships between European and Asian Americans, with a particular emphasis on 5 major subgroups of Asian Americans (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Filipino Americans). Participants were 218 Asian American college students and 171 European American college students attending a culturally diverse university. The European Americans did not differentiate among the various subgroups of Asian Americans.

Family, peer, and individual correlates of depressive symptomatology among U.S. and Chinese adolescents.

This study examined the correlates of symptoms of depressed mood among adolescents in 2 dramatically different cultures (n = 502 in Tianjin, People's Republic of China; n = 201 in greater Los Angeles). Gender, stressful life events, perceived parental warmth, and conflict with parents were associated in the expected direction with depressive symptoms in each cultural setting. As predicted, regression analyses showed that the quality of family relationships and grades in school had significantly stronger associations with depressive symptoms among Chinese youths than among U.