Training Experiences of Emergency Department Providers in the Recognition of Child Trafficking.

Objective: Trafficked children face challenges to obtaining appropriate health care that may be addressed by clinician training. We evaluated emergency department (ED) staff's training experiences regarding child trafficking and attitudes toward educational efforts to provide informed recommendations for improvement in the recognition and evaluation of trafficked children in the ED setting.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of general and pediatric ED staff across 6 cities in the United States, participants completed a 25-question, online anonymous survey.

Implementation of a screening tool for child sex trafficking among youth presenting to the emergency department - A quality improvement initiative.

Background: Identification of sex-trafficked youth in the emergency department (ED) is difficult and routine screening is uncommon.

Objectives: Our Quality Improvement (QI) Project aimed to increase ED screening and identification of high-risk youth using the Short Screen for Child Sex Trafficking (SSCST).

Participants: Youth (11 through 17 years) seeking care at two metropolitan EDs with a high-risk chief complaint triggering a best practice alert (BPA).

Feasibility of a screening tool for sex trafficking in an adult emergency department.

Background: Human trafficking (HT) is a human rights violation and public health issue. People with a history of HT are likely to see a physician during their exploitation. A screening tool was developed and implemented in a busy urban emergency department (ED) to aid in the identification of this population.

Using Survivors' Voices to Guide the Identification and Care of Trafficked Persons by U.S. Health Care Professionals: A Systematic Review.

Evidence suggests that trafficked persons in the United States frequently seek health care, yet little is known of their experiences, including reasons for seeking assistance, interactions with professionals, and barriers to obtaining care. To gain a better understanding, a search was conducted for empirical data collected directly from trafficked persons about their US health care experiences, published in peer-reviewed journals within the past 10 years, and in the English language. Four databases were searched and of the 1,605 articles initially identified, 8 met all inclusion criteria.

Evaluation of a Screening Tool for Child Sex Trafficking Among Patients With High-Risk Chief Complaints in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: The objective was to apply and evaluate a screening tool to identify victims of child sex trafficking (CST) in a pediatric emergency department (PED) population.

Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted from July 2017 to November 2017 at the PED of a free-standing, inner-city children's hospital. Patients 10 to 18 years of age presenting with chief complaints related to high-risk social or sexual behaviors were recruited in a representative convenience sampling.

Evaluation of a Tool to Identify Child Sex Trafficking Victims in Multiple Healthcare Settings.

Purpose: Estimate the prevalence of child sex trafficking (CST) among patients seeking care in multiple healthcare settings; evaluate a short screening tool to identify victims in a healthcare setting.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved patients from 16 sites throughout the U.S.

Multi-level prevention of human trafficking: The role of health care professionals.

As a major public health issue, human trafficking (HT) affects individuals, families, communities, and societies around the world. A public health approach to combating HT has been advocated. Such an approach seeks to prevent HT by engaging diverse stakeholder groups in addressing risk factors at multiple levels.

Child sex trafficking in the United States: Challenges for the healthcare provider.

V. Jordan Greenbaum discusses ways healthcare providers can identify children trafficked for sex to provide for their physical and mental health and their social and educational needs.

A Short Screening Tool to Identify Victims of Child Sex Trafficking in the Health Care Setting.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of commercial sexual exploitation of children/child sex trafficking (CSEC/CST) victims and to develop a screening tool to identify victims among a high-risk adolescent population.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 12 to 18 years who presented to 1 of 3 metropolitan pediatric emergency departments or 1 child protection clinic and who were identified as victims of CSEC/CST were compared with similar-aged patients with allegations of acute sexual assault/sexual abuse (ASA) without evidence of CSEC/CST. The 2 groups were compared on variables related to medical and reproductive history, high-risk behavior, mental health symptoms, and injury history.

Characteristics of child commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking victims presenting for medical care in the United States.

The objective of the study is to describe distinguishing characteristics of commercial sexual exploitation of children/child sex trafficking victims (CSEC) who present for health care in the pediatric setting. This is a retrospective study of patients aged 12-18 years who presented to any of three pediatric emergency departments or one child protection clinic, and who were identified as suspected victims of CSEC. The sample was compared with gender and age-matched patients with allegations of child sexual abuse/sexual assault (CSA) without evidence of CSEC on variables related to demographics, medical and reproductive history, high-risk behavior, injury history and exam findings.

Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children in the United States.

Child commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking are global health problems requiring a multidisciplinary approach by individuals, organizations, communities, and national governments. The adverse emotional, physical, and social consequences for victims are legion and in many areas of the United States and the rest of the world, victim resources are scarce. Since violence, deprivation, abuse, and infection are so integral to the exploitation experience, victims may present for care to community and academic pediatric and adolescent health care providers.

Development of a screening tool for pediatric sexual assault may reduce emergency-department visits.

Objective: To define the characteristics of a novel screening tool used to identify which prepubertal children should potentially receive an initial evaluation for alleged sexual assault in a nonemergent setting.

Methods: Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed from 2007 to 2008. Visits with a chief complaint or diagnosis of alleged sexual assault for patients aged 12 years or younger were identified.

Retinal hemorrhages in children following fatal motor vehicle crashes: a case series.

Objective: To demonstrate the severity of ocular findings in young children who died of injuries due to motor vehicle crashes.

Methods: Case series of 10 children younger than 3 years who were fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2002. All children underwent autopsy that included eye examination.