Enhancing the stability of continuous fermentations for platform chemical production.

A significant bottleneck of continuous fermentation is the stability of plasmid-based expression systems. This work tested five plasmid addiction systems based on essential gene complementation in continuous fermentation. The essential genes tested were , , , , and and evaluated under phosphate-limited continuous fermentation at two dilution rates (0.

The generation game: Toward the generational genetic stability of continuous culture.

Fed-batch bioprocesses are typically deployed to convert renewable feedstocks to bio-based products using metabolically engineered microorganisms. However, for low-value chemicals, fed-batch cultures provide insufficient volumetric productivity to yield commercially viable products. The greater overall volumetric productivity of continuous culture holds techno-economic promise, but the genetic instability of engineered strains has prevented commercial deployment.

Three-dimensional, multimodal synchrotron data for machine learning applications.

Machine learning techniques are being increasingly applied in medical and physical sciences across a variety of imaging modalities; however, an important issue when developing these tools is the availability of good quality training data. Here we present a unique, multimodal synchrotron dataset of a bespoke zinc-doped Zeolite 13X sample that can be used to develop advanced deep learning and data fusion pipelines. Multi-resolution micro X-ray computed tomography was performed on a zinc-doped Zeolite 13X fragment to characterise its pores and features before spatially resolved X-ray diffraction computed tomography was carried out to characterise the topographical distribution of sodium and zinc phases.

Varus Producing Distal Femur Osteotomy Alters Radiographic Measurements Related to Patellofemoral Instability - A Cadaver Study.

Introduction: Varus producing distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is an established procedure to correct genu valgum in patients with osteoarthritis and gait abnormalities. DFO has also been proposed for the treatment of patellar instability in patients with valgus alignment. However, it is not known how DFO affects parameters associated with patellar instability.

The Burden of Revision Arthroplasty: An Ergonomic Analysis of Surgeon Posture in the Operating Room.

Background: Revision total joint arthroplasties are physically demanding cases. Recent studies have shown increased cardiovascular stress in surgeons performing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) compared with primary cases. To our knowledge, no study has compared surgeon ergonomics during these cases.

Learning and Transfer: A Perspective From Action Video Game Play.

A growing body of research documents the positive impact that action video game play has on a range of cognitive skills. Such a result, in which training on one task promotes a broad variety of benefits, is a rarity in the cognitive training domain. Instead, the more typical result is that training on one task promotes benefits on that task alone with only limited transfer to untrained tasks.

Preliminary Evidence of Higher Production of LPS-induced Proinflammatory Cytokines in Retired versus Employed Dementia Caregivers.

Objective: Nearly half of all informal (unpaid) family caregivers for patients with Alzheimer's Disease or related dementias (ADRD) are employed. We test competing hypotheses on the role of employment for ADRD spousal caregivers, as some evidence suggests that stress from work and caregiving will have an additive effect. Other evidence suggests that psychological resources generated at work may buffer stress at home.

Dietary intakes, food behaviours and health indicators among Métis youth in Manitoba, Canada.

Objective: Poor diets and food insecurity during adolescence can have long-lasting effects, and Métis youth may be at higher risk. This study, as part of the Food and Nutrition Security for Manitoba Youth study, examines dietary intakes, food behaviours and health indicators of Métis compared with non-Métis youth.

Design: This observational cross-sectional study involved a cohort of adolescents who completed a self-administered web-based survey on demographics, dietary intake (24-h recall), food behaviours, food security and select health indicators.

Analyzing the Creation and Use of Abbreviations in Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging Society Guidelines.

Background: Abbreviation use in clinical and academic cardiology is widespread, yet there are few guidelines regulating the creation and utilization of abbreviations. Inconsistent abbreviations can introduce ambiguity and pose challenges to practice and research.

Objectives: The authors aimed to analyze how abbreviations are created and utilized in general cardiology and cardiac imaging society guidelines in order to assess whether ambiguities and discrepancies exist between societies.

Detection of an intestinal cell DNA methylation signature in blood samples from neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an often fatal intestinal injury that primarily affects preterm infants for which screening tools are lacking. We performed a pilot analysis of DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples from preterm infants with and without NEC to identify potential NEC biomarkers.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from infants at NEC diagnosis ( = 15) or from preterm controls ( = 13).

Outcomes of a pilot randomized clinical trial testing brief interventions to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among rural people who inject drugs attending syringe services programs.

Background: Kentucky is one of seven states with high, sustained rural HIV transmission tied to injection drug use. Expanding access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been endorsed as a key HIV prevention strategy; however, uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been negligible in rural areas. Syringe services programs (SSPs) have been implemented throughout Kentucky's Appalachian region, providing an important opportunity to integrate PrEP services.

Evaluation of interspecies correlation estimation models to increase taxonomic diversity while reducing reliance on animal testing for chemicals evaluated under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is committed to the implementation of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to enhance the scientific basis for chemical hazard assessments.

Feasibility of a Mobile App-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Perinatal Skills Program: Protocol for Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Mental illness is one of the top causes of preventable pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. There are many barriers that interfere with the ability of perinatal individuals to access traditional mental health care. Digital health interventions, including app-based programs, have the potential to increase access to useful tools for these individuals.

Identifying care gaps and referral patterns in acute dermatology at urgent care centers.

Limited urgent access to board-certified dermatologists drives patients to seek dermatologic care at urgent care centers (UCC). UCC are staffed by clinicians with comparatively limited dermatology training, often resulting in lower quality care for acute dermatology conditions. Using a retrospective cohort of 839 referrals, this study investigates health care referral outcomes for patients seeking dermatologic care at UCC.

Dysregulation of Metabolic Peptides in the Gut-Brain Axis Promotes Hyperinsulinemia, Obesity, and Neurodegeneration.

Metabolic peptides can influence metabolic processes and contribute to both inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that there are thousands of metabolic peptides, made up of short chains of amino acids, that the human body produces. These peptides are crucial for regulating many different processes like metabolism and cell signaling, as they bind to receptors on various cells.

The role of Iowa gambling task performance in response to citalopram treatment for cocaine use disorder.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with executive functioning impairments linked to serotonergic function. Previous studies reported efficacy with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram in reducing cocaine use. The current study explored moderation and mediation of citalopram effects on cocaine use by performance across executive function domains.

Translation of PET radiotracers for cancer imaging: recommendations from the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) consensus meeting.

Background: The clinical translation of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for cancer management presents complex challenges. We have developed consensus-based recommendations for preclinical and clinical assessment of novel and established radiotracers, applied to image different cancer types, to improve the standardisation of translational methodologies and accelerate clinical implementation.

Methods: A consensus process was developed using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) to gather insights from a multidisciplinary panel of 38 key stakeholders on the appropriateness of preclinical and clinical methodologies and stakeholder engagement for PET radiotracer translation.

Design and Characterization of a Gene-Encoding DNA Nanoparticle in a Cell-Free Transcription-Translation System.

DNA nanotechnology has made initial progress toward developing gene-encoded DNA origami nanoparticles (NPs) that display potential utility for future gene therapy applications. However, due to the challenges involved with gene delivery into cells including transport through the membrane, intracellular targeting, and inherent expression of nucleases along with interference from other active proteins, it can be difficult to more directly study the effect of DNA NP design on subsequent gene expression. In this work, we demonstrate an approach for studying the expression of gene-encoding DNA origami NPs without the use of cells.

ChatGPT is an Unreliable Source of Peer-Reviewed Information for Common Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patient Questions.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and publicly accessible language model tools such as ChatGPT-3.5 continue to shape the landscape of modern medicine and patient education. ChatGPT's open access (OA), instant, human-sounding interface capable of carrying discussion on myriad topics makes it a potentially useful resource for patients seeking medical advice.

Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal configuration of a smoking cessation intervention in a lung cancer screening (LCS) setting has not yet been established.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 3 tobacco treatment strategies of increasing integration and intensity in the LCS setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, LCS-eligible current smokers were randomized into 3 treatments: quitline (QL), QL plus (QL+), or integrated care (IC).

Preoperative Predictors of Soft Tissue Releases Required for Femoral Exposure in Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Sequential soft tissue releases are utilized in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) as incomplete femoral exposure may lead to complications. This study identifies patient-specific parameters associated with soft tissue releases required for femoral exposure.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 133 patients (150 hips) who underwent primary THA via DAA with a single surgeon.

CAR/CSACI Practice Guidance for Contrast Media Hypersensitivity.

Contrast media, including iodinated contrast media and gadolinium-based contrast agents, are commonly administered pharmaceuticals with excellent safety profiles. However, a minority of the population may experience a hypersensitivity reaction following intravenous administration. Hypersensitivity reactions can be immediate or delayed, and range from mild, such as urticaria, to severe, including anaphylaxis.

Final clinical diagnosis in cases of histopathologic psoriasiform dermatitis: retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a Southeastern United States population, 2004-2017.

Background: Psoriasiform dermatitis can be defined both clinically and histologically, but is not a traditionally recognized clinical or histologic diagnosis.

Objective: Analyze the final clinical diagnosis, demographics and clinical characteristics in patients with histologic psoriasiform dermatitis.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients with histologic psoriasiform dermatitis 2004-2017.